Comparison of lead(II) ions accumulation and bioavailability on the montmorillonite and kaolinite surfaces in the presence of polyacrylamide soil flocculant
Graphical abstract
Introduction
Soil contamination with heavy metals has highly dangerous, delayed effects from the point of view of environmental ecotoxicology (Wanees et al., 2012; Kowalski, 1994; Rao and Kashifuddin, 2016). Due to the adsorptive and buffering properties of soils, heavy metals may be strongly accumulated in such environment (Fiajłkowska et al., 2021). In many cases heavy elements, such as Pb(II), Cd(II), Hg(II), are degraded neither chemically nor biologically (Abdel Salam et al., 2011; Meena et al., 2008; Gorzin and Abadi, 2018). However, the change in heavy metals occurrence in the environment can occur as a result of complex physicochemical and biological processes. These processes influence the form of toxic elements and determine their mobility and bioavailability in the soil-plant-human system (Szewczuk-Karpisz et al., 2020). The risk of heavy metals entering the trophic chain depends on the physicochemical soil properties as well as climate conditions (Lu et al., 2018; Krauth et al., 2008; Tejada et al., 2013; Liu et al., 2017; Singh and Kalamdhad, 2011). By binding heavy metals with organic/inorganic soil components their bioavailability in the soil environment may be reduced significantly (Król et al., 2020). Clay mineral fraction with a grain diameter below 0.002 mm is characterized by high ability to heavy metals adsorption (Tang et al., 2009; Sari and Tuzen, 2007; Unlu and Ersoz, 2006; Li et al., 2007, Lin and Yuang, 2002; Rao and Kashifuddin, 2016). Iron, manganese and aluminum hydroxides also play an important role in the immobilization of toxic elements in the subsoil (Cappuyns et et al., 2014). The form of metals and their tendency to adsorption are mainly influenced by: pH value, sorption capacity, oxidation-reduction potential, soil granulometric composition, concentration of macro- and microelements, activity of microorganisms and humidity. All these factors also determine the amount of metallic elements accumulated in the biological material (Lu et al., 2018; Krauth et al., 2008; Bolto and Gregory, 2007; Violante et al., 2010).
The immobilization of metallic elements prevents toxic metal bioaccumulation in the ecosystem and, in this way, minimizes their threat human health and life (Abdel Salam et al., 2011; Unuabonah et al., 2007, Cavaco et al., 2007). In order to limit the mobility of heavy metals in the soil environment, organic and mineral substances are introduced into the soil, e.g. composts from municipal waste, biochar, sewage sludge, peat, diatomaceous earth, phosphorus and calcium compounds (fertilizers), lime, and ash from coal combustion, dusts from the cement industry, coal sludge, organic-mineral fertilizers based on liginite as well as polyelectrolytes e.g. polyacrylamide (PAM), poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA), poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) (Bech et al., 2014; Al-Abed et al., 2003; Tomczyk et al., 2020; Fijałkowska et al., 2020). Macromolecular compounds can contribute to clear immobilization of toxic metals and in this way reduce their absorption by living organisms. Polymers can also affect the aggregation of compounds of soil solid phase (Adachi, 2019; Bech et al., 2014; Cochrane et al., 2005; Lu et al., 2016; Bolto and Gregory, 2007; Spalla, 2002).
Taking the above into consideration the adsorption-desorption properties in the suspensions containing: (1) soil minerals (montmorillonite or kaolinite), (2) polyacrylamide soil flocculant of anionic character and (3) hazardous Pb(II) ions were determined in the present paper. Such studies enable not only description of binding mechanism in the complex mineral-polymer-heavy metal systems (what is poorly described in the literature), but also determination the effectiveness of lead ions immobilization (and thus their bioavailability) in the examined suspensions. The detailed directions of research leading to this goal realization were as follows: (1) determination and comparison of adsorbed amounts of Pb(II) and PAM in the presence of the second adsorbate on the surfaces of both examined soil minerals; (2) specification of the adsorption layers influence on the aggregation tendency in the examined suspensions; (3) description of the structure of electrical double layers formed in the tested systems and (4) determination of the desorption abilities of heavy metal ions by the use of water and EDTA from the mineral surface without and covered with PAM.
Section snippets
Experimental
Two adsorbents belonging to the group of aluminosilicates - montmorillonite and kaolinite (delivered by Sigma-Aldrich) were used in the study. Montmorillonite is a 2:1 clay mineral composed of one alumina octahedral sheet sandwiched between two silica tetrahedral sheets which form packages bonded through van der Waals forces (Gregory and Barany, 2011; Krupskaya et al., 2017; Kurleto, 2015). The octahedron corners are planted with Al3+ (2/3 of all positions) and Mg2+ (1/3 of positions) cations.
Results and discussion
The comparison of lead(II) ions adsorbed amount (Γ) on studied aluminosilicates is presented on Fig. 1. According to the obtained data, lead(II) ions have stronger affinity for montmorillonite surface than kaolinite one. The Pb adsorbed amount on montmorillonite, for heavy metal initial concentrations 1, 10 and 100 ppm, equals: 2.3, 11.7 and 53.7 mg/g, whereas for kaolinite the Γ parameter is equal to 0.08, 0.72 and 7.11 mg/g, respectively. What is more, the increase in heavy metal initial
Conclusions
Based on the adsorption, desorption, electrokinetic and stability measurements results and data analysis, the following conclusions can be formulated:
- 1.
Greater adsorption of anionic polyacrylamide and Pb(II) ions is observed in the case of montmorillonite due to the presence of interlayered space in its internal structure where ion-exchange occurs resulting in expansion of space between packages and intercalation phenomenon.
- 2.
Adsorbed polyacrylamide macromolecules affect the modification of
Author contribution
Gracja Fijałkowska: Writing – original draft, Investigation, Methodology, Visualization, Małgorzata Wiśniewska: Writing- Reviewing and Editing, Resources, Supervision, Katarzyna Szewczuk-Karpisz: Formal analysis, Writing- Reviewing and Editing, Katarzyna Jędruchniewicz: Investigation, Methodology, Patryk Oleszczuk: Conceptualization, Investigation, Resources.
Declaration of competing interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
References (55)
- et al.
A study of the removal characteristics of heavy metals from wastewater by low-cost adsorbents
J. Adv. Res.
(2011) - et al.
Adsorption of some heavy metal ions on sulfate- and phosphate-modified kaolin
Appl. Clay Sci.
(2005) - et al.
Electrokinetic properties of kaolinite in mono- and multivalent electrolyte solutions
Microporous Mesoporous Mater.
(2005) - et al.
Organic polyelectrolytes in water treatment
Water Res.
(2007) - et al.
Removal of chromium from electroplating industry effluents by ion exchange resins
J. Hazard Mater.
(2007) - et al.
Determination of lead with 4-(2-pyridylazo)-resorcinol II: application to steel, brass and bronze
Talanta
(1965) - et al.
Adsorption and flocculation by polymers and polymer mixtures
Adv. Colloid Interface Sci.
(2011) - et al.
Investigation of the electrical double layer in a metal oxide/monovalent electrolyte solution system
J. Colloid Interface Sci.
(1997) - et al.
An assessment of pH-dependent release and mobility of heavy metals from metallurgical slag
J. Hazard Mater.
(2020) - et al.
Kinetic studies of sorption of Pb(II), Cr(III) and Cu(II) from aqueous solution by sawdust and modified peanut husk
J. Hazard Mater.
(2007)
Heavy metal removal from water by sorption using surfactant-modified montmorillonite
J. Hazard Mater.
Effect of straw and polyacrylamide on the stability of land/waterecotone soil and the field implementation
Ecol. Eng.
Changes in zeta potential of imidazolium ionic liquids modified minerals – implications for determining mechanism of adsorption
Chemosphere
Adsorptive removal of heavy metals from aqueous solution by treated sawdust (Acacia arabica)
J. Hazard Mater.
Kaolinite properties, structure and influence of metal retention on pH
Appl. Clay Sci.
Adsorption studies of Cd(II) on ball clay: comparison with other natural clays
Arab. J. Chem.
Adsorption characteristics of Cu(II) and Pb(II) onto expanded perlite from aqueous solution
J. Hazard Mater.
Nanoparticle interactions with polymers and polyelectrolytes
Curr. Opin. Colloid Interface Sci.
A review on the adsorption of heavy metals by clay minerals, with special focus on the past decade
Chem. Eng.
Adsorption characteristics of heavy metal ions onto a low cost biopolymeric sorbent from aqueous solutions
J. Hazard Mater.
Adsorption of lead and cadmium ions from aqueous solutions by tripolyphosphate-impregnated Kaolinite clay
Colloid. Surface. Physicochem. Eng. Aspect.
Impact of polyacrylamide with different contents of carboxyl groups on the chromium (III) oxide adsorption properties in aqueous solution
J. Hazard Mater.
Nanozirconia surface modification by anionic polyacrylamide in relation to the solid suspension stability - effect of anionic surfactant addition
Powder Technol.
Surface properties of nanozirconia modified by ionic polyacrylamide – impact of polymer functional groups type
Mater. Lett.
The mechanism of anionic polyacrylamide adsorption on the montmorillonite surface in the presence of Cr(VI) ions
Chemosphere
Aspects of colloid and interface in the engineering science of soil and water with emphasis on the flocculation behavior of model particles
Paddy Water Environ.
Polyacrylamide (PAM) effect on irrigation induced soil erosion and infiltration
Arch. Agron Soil Sci.
Cited by (18)
An environmentally friendly strategy for reducing the environmental risks of heavy metals adsorbed by kaolinite
2024, Journal of Environmental ManagementFacile and low-cost fabrication of composite hydrogels to improve adsorption of copper ions
2022, Environmental Technology and InnovationMechanisms for cation exchange at the interfaces of montmorillonite nanoparticles: Insights for Pb<sup>2+</sup> control
2022, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering AspectsCitation Excerpt :Adsorption performances for Pb2+ and other heavy metals by Mt were significantly enhanced due to organo-modification [14–16]. Molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, as testified sufficiently, are powerful to unravel these adsorption processes [17–24]. Distribution of metal ions at Mt interfaces accords with the triple layer model consisting of inner-sphere, outer-sphere and diffuse swarm species, and MD-derived parameters are superior to those of modified Gouy-Chapman theory and comparable to macroscopic experimental observations [19].
Stabilization of lead and cadmium in soil by sulfur-iron functionalized biochar: Performance, mechanisms and microbial community evolution
2022, Journal of Hazardous MaterialsCitation Excerpt :Compared with the soil with 40% moisture, the OX fractions increased by 4.08% and 4.78% when the soil moisture reached 55% and 70%. Because the acting force of heavy metals with iron-manganese oxides was between coordination bonding and van der Waals force (Fijałkowska et al., 2021), thus the augment of OX fractions aggrandized the potential risk of Pb and Cd in soil. Soil pH also significantly affects the stabilization process of Pb and Cd by BC-Fe-S (Fig. 3d).
Equilibrium, kinetic and thermodynamic study of Pb<sup>2+</sup> removal from aqueous solution by waste brick dust
2022, Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering AspectsCitation Excerpt :New economical and easily available materials with a strong adsorption affinity and loading capacity are increasingly required for adsorption technologies. Such properties are displayed, for example, by rice husk [21], fly ash [22,23], orange peel [24], modified kaolinite and montmorillonite [25–28], biosorbents or biochars [29,30], animal bone [31] or special composites [32,33]. The attention is now also focused on waste ceramic materials, especially waste brick dust, which is waste dust from the production of ceramic blocks [34–36].