The Freundlich adsorption isotherm constants and prediction of phosphorus bioavailability as affected by different phosphorus sources in two Kansas soils

doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.10.009

Chemosphere

Volume 99, March 2014, Pages 72-80

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.10.009 Get rights and content

Highlights

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Freundlich constants were used for predicting corn growth parameters.
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All P sources reduced levels of Freundlich K, increased 1/n and EPC₀ in both soils.
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Hog manure had smaller values of Freundlich K in the P deficient Eram-Lebo soil.
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Corn biomass, tissue P and P uptake were increased by P sources in both soils.
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Freundlich constants had relationships with agronomic parameters in low P soil.

Abstract

Phosphorus (P) adsorption onto soil constituents influences P bioavailability from both agronomic and environmental perspectives. In this study, the P availability from different P sources along with utility of Freundlich adsorption coefficients on the predictability of various crop growth parameters were assessed. Two soils were amended with 150 mg P kg⁻¹ each from six different P sources comprised of manures from two types of ruminants animals, three types of monogastric animals, and inorganic P fertilizer. Corn (Zea mays) was grown and harvested seven times under greenhouse conditions to remove P from the P amended treatments. The application of all P sources reduced the value of Freundlich K and increased the value of Freundlich 1/n and equilibrium P concentration (EPC₀) in both soils compared to the un-amended control before cropping. The swine (Sus scrofa) manure (HM) resulted in significant smaller values of Freundlich K and larger values of 1/n in the P deficient Eram-Lebo soil compared to other P sources while, the opposite was true for the turkey (Meleagris gallopava) litter (TL) in the Ulysses soil. The corn biomass, tissue P concentration and P uptake were significantly influenced by all P sources during the first harvest and the total P uptake during seven harvests in both soils compared to the control treatment. Both Freundlich coefficients had strong relationships with the aforementioned corn parameters in the P deficient Eram-Lebo soil while, strength of the association was weak or missing in the Ulysses soil which had optimum levels of antecedent P.

Introduction

Phosphorus (P) adsorption to the soil surfaces is an important reaction that controls P bioavailability. Silicate clays; aluminum, iron, and manganese oxides; and calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) are involved in surface P adsorption (Singh and Gilkes, 1991, Nair et al., 1999, Samadi and Gilkes, 1999). Other soil factors such as pH, soil organic matter content (SOM), moisture, temperature and contact time between P and soil constituents also play a significant role in controlling surface adsorption reactions (Sharpley and Ahuja, 1982, Barrow, 1984, Hue, 1991). The most commonly used mathematical models which fit adsorption data are the Langmuir and Freundlich equations. The parameters of these equations do not have any mechanistic significance but still have practical utility in comparing P retention in different soils (Sposito, 2008). Another utility of the P adsorption isotherm is that it provides an estimate of the equilibrium P concentration (EPC₀). This is the P concentration in soil solution with no net adsorption or desorption (Sharpley et al., 1994). Numerous studies have indicated that animal waste and biosolids application increases the EPC₀, and decreases the affinity of soil constituents for P adsorption (binding intensities) resulting in soils having less ability to sorb additional added P and maintain higher soil solution P concentrations (Sui and Thompson, 2000, Jiao et al., 2007).

Numerous factors govern the crop P bioavailability in soils amended with animal manures and biosolids. The production of organic acids in soils during microbial decomposition of the carbon-rich soil amendments also interacts with adsorbing surfaces and may also act as chelating agents and thus increase the solubility of P in soil (Inskeep and Silvertooth, 1988, Bermudez et al., 1993). Pierzynski et al. (1990) found that poorly crystallized secondary P precipitates controlled P solubility in historically waste amended soils. Soil properties that influence P bioavailability include the amount and type of clay, pH, redox potential, initial soil test phosphorus (STP), SOM, microbial number and types, the presence of Al and Fe oxide surfaces under acidic conditions, and the amount of CaCO₃ in alkaline soils (Sanyal and Datta, 1991, Stevenson and Cole, 1999, Zheng et al., 2003, Sposito, 2008).

The total P content of the animal manures depends upon the age of the animal, diet, digestive system, and waste processing methods (Barnett, 1994, Poulsen, 2000, Dou et al., 2002). Young animals might require more supplementary P in the form of feed additives to meet the demands for their rapid body growth and therefore would also secrete more P in their manures (Knowlton et al., 2004). Unlike ruminants, monogastric animals such as swine and turkey lack phosphatase and phytase enzymes necessary for the digestion of organic P (P_o) in the forages and thus are dependent on supplementary inorganic P (P_i) additions in the form of salts in their diets and consequently would also excrete substantial amounts of P in their manures (Maguire et al., 2003). Waste handling and processing methods such as the addition of bedding materials, liming materials, composting, and chemical treatments such as the addition of oxides and hydroxides of aluminum and iron are common practice and might decrease waste volume and convert P to less soluble forms that would ultimately lead to reduced degradation of surface waters after land application (Hinedi et al., 1989, Maguire et al., 2001, Kalbasi and Karthikeyan, 2004, Hunger et al., 2004, Seiter et al., 2008).

Most animal P sources are currently disposed of on the assumption that P contained therein would behave similarly once added to soil. Therefore, a greenhouse study could offer an opportunity to study the influence of variations in the nature of P and other characteristics in animal manures on soil P adsorption and consequently its effects on corn P uptake. In this study we tested the following hypotheses: (A) The magnitude of P adsorption would be similar for all P sources in both soils both before and after crop P removal; (B) There would be no difference between P sources from ruminant and monogastric animals on corn biomass, leaf tissue P concentration, and P uptake; (C) The Freundlich adsorption coefficients would have similar predictability of various corn growth parameters in both soils.

Section snippets

The collection of soils and P sources

The six P sources consisted of two types of ruminants waste from cattle (Bos taurus) manures (CM1 and CM2), three types of monogastric wastes comprised of HM, TL, and biosolids (SS) collected from various parts of the Kansas. Triple super phosphate (TSP) was also included as inorganic P source for comparative purposes. Both cattle manures were collected from field stockpiles, fresh HM and TL was collected from nearby farms. The TL had substantial quantities of the bedding material mixed with

Phosphorus source effects on P adsorption before (T₀) and after (T₇) crop P removal

The P adsorption isotherm for selected P sources in the Ulysses soil is presented in Fig. 1a. The application of all P sources at the level of 150 mg P kg^–1 significantly decreased the Freundlich K values when compared to the control treatment in the Ulysses soil (Table 2). The lowest K values were found for CM1, HM, and TSP, while TL produced the highest K value, which was significantly different from all treatments except that of CM2. After crop P removal (T₇), the Freundlich K value

Conclusions

On the basis of evidence provided by our data, we reject our hypotheses of no difference between the P sources from the monogastric, ruminants and inorganic P fertilizer on corn biomass, tissue P concentration, and on P uptake during various harvests in the study. In fact large variations not only existed between the P sources but significant variations were also seen within the monogastric and ruminants P sources during various harvests, especially during the first few harvests. We also

Acknowledgements

This work was partly supported by Ministry of Education, Government of Pakistan, and Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, USA. Special thanks to my daughter Husna for motivation and my son Ahsan for editing this paper.

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The Freundlich adsorption isotherm constants and prediction of phosphorus bioavailability as affected by different phosphorus sources in two Kansas soils

Highlights

Abstract

Introduction

Section snippets

The collection of soils and P sources

Phosphorus source effects on P adsorption before (T0) and after (T7) crop P removal

Conclusions

Acknowledgements

Bioresour. Technol.

Anal. Chem. Acta

Cont. Shelf Res.

Catena

Soil phosphorus after 25 years of cropping with five rates of phosphorus application

Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal.

Modeling the effects of pH on phosphate sorption by soils

J. Soil Sci.

Role of EDDHA and humic acids on the solubility of soil phosphorus

Commun. Soil Sci. Plant Anal.

Biogenic phosphate minerals in manure: implications for phosphorus loss to surface waters

Environ. Sci. Technol.

Phosphorus characteristics of dairy feces affected by diets

J. Environ. Qual.

Phosphorus and nitrogen sorption to soil in the presence of poultry litter derived dissolved organic matter

J. Environ. Qual.

Characterization of phosphorus in sludge extracts using phosphorus-31 nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy

J. Environ. Qual.

The comparative significance and utility of the Freundlich and Langmuir parameters for characterizing sorption and plant availability of phosphate in soils

Aust. J. Soil Res.

Effects of organic acids/anions on P sorption and phytoavailability in soils with different mineralogies

Soil Sci.

Direct speciation of phosphorus in alum-amended poultry litter: solid-state 31P NMR investigation

Environ. Sci. Technol.

Inhibition of hydroxyapatite precipitation in the presence of fulvic, humic, and tannic acids

Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.

Phosphate sorption and release in a sandy loam soil as influenced by fertilizer sources

Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J.

Phosphorus dynamics in soils receiving chemically treated dairy manure

J. Environ. Qual.

Animal management to reduce phosphorus losses to the environment

J. Anim. Sci.

Chemical Equilibria in Soils

Relationships between biosolids treatment process and soil phosphorus availability

J. Environ. Qual.

Phosphorus source effects on P adsorption before (T₀) and after (T₇) crop P removal