Cell
Volume 143, Issue 4, 12 November 2010, Pages 508-525
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Review
Pluripotency and Cellular Reprogramming: Facts, Hypotheses, Unresolved Issues

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Direct reprogramming of somatic cells to induced pluripotent stem cells by ectopic expression of defined transcription factors has raised fundamental questions regarding the epigenetic stability of the differentiated cell state. In addition, evidence has accumulated that distinct states of pluripotency can interconvert through the modulation of both cell-intrinsic and exogenous factors. To fully realize the potential of in vitro reprogrammed cells, we need to understand the molecular and epigenetic determinants that convert one cell type into another. Here we review recent advances in this rapidly moving field and emphasize unresolved and controversial questions.

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Present address: Department of Molecular Genetics, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 76100, Israel