Chemical constituents from Ligularia purdomii (Turrill) Chittenden

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Highlights

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    First phytochemical investigation on L. purdomii.

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    18 compounds were identified from the acetone extract of L. purdomii.

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    Four compounds were reported from the genus Ligularia for the first time.

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    The results had important significance for chemotaxonomy of L. purdomii.

Abstract

The first phytochemical investigation on the roots of Ligularia purdomii led to the isolation and identification of 18 compounds, including two eremophilane sesquiterpenoids (1 and 2), three benzofuran derivatives (3–5), a triterpenoid (6), two steroids (7 and 8), nine phenolic components (9–17), and a monofatty glyceride (18). The structural elucidation of the isolated compounds was performed by spectroscopic data and comparison with the literature. Compounds (−)-syringaresinol (11), scopoletin (13), 3,5-dimethoxy-4-hydroxy-benzaldehyde (14), and glycerol monolinoleate (18) have not been recorded in Ligularia genus previously. The chemotaxonomic significance of these isolated compounds has been summarized.

Section snippets

Subject and source

Ligularia Cass., a big genus taxonomically placed in the Asteraceae family (tribe Senecioneae, subtribe Tussilagininae) is a highly diversified genus which composed of approximately 140 species. Most of Ligularia species are distributed in Asia, only two species growing in Europe (Editorial Committee of Chinese flora, 1989a, He and Pan, 2015). Many Ligularia species growing in Northwestern China are used as traditional Tibetan and Uigur medicines due to their heat-clearing and detoxifying

Previous work

Hundreds of secondary metabolites with various carbon skeletons and interesting biological activities have been identified from the Ligularia genus (Yang et al., 2011). Previous studies confirmed the presence of sesquiterpenes, triterpenes, sinapyl alcohol derivatives, lignans, alkaloids, and steroids in Ligularia (Yang et al., 2011). Eremophilane sesquiterpenes are considered as the major secondary metabolites and taxonomic markers of Ligularia genus. More than 500 eremophilane sesquiterpenes

Present study

The roots of L. purdomii (4 kg) were grinded into powder and then soaked in 80% acetone (25 L, 3 times, each time for a weak) at room temperature. After filtration with gauze, the extract was condensed in vacuum to afford the acetone extract (388 g). This extract was subjected to a silica gel column chromatography (CC) eluting with CH3Cl/acetone (9:1–1:1, v/v) to afford eight fractions (Fr.1–Fr.8). Compound 8 (3-O-β-glucosylsitosterol, 71 mg) (Kuster et al., 1994) was obtained from Fr.8 through

Chemotaxonomic significance

Ligularia species exhibit remarkably morphological variation in leaf shape and texture, indumenta, and inflorescence among species which makes it difficult to identify them with traditional morphology-based methods, especially in the cases of closely related taxa (He and Pan, 2015). The clarification of similarities and differences between morphologically different and similar species is taxonomically important. Thus, chemotaxonomy study on Ligularia species is necessary. On the basis of

Acknowledgement

The work was financially supported by the National Nature Science Foundation of China (Nos. 21375136, 21575150, and 81673325), and the scientific research project of Central Asia Drug Discovery and Development Centre of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. CAM201404) and the CAS Pioneer Hundred Talents Program.

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    These authors contributed equally to this paper.

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