Bioprospecting of marine microalgae from Kaohsiung Seacoast for lutein and lipid production

https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biortech.2022.126928Get rights and content

Highlights

  • A potential lutein-producing isolate identified as Chlorella sorokiniana Kh12.

  • A 2X-HT-9 k condition offered the maximum lutein yield (47.36 mg l−1) under mixotrophy.

  • It has yielded maximum lutein 13.69 mg g−1, one of the best yields reported so far.

  • Bead milling was most effective to disrupt algal cell wall and lutein extraction.

  • Seven minutes bead milling was most efficient for maximum lutein extraction.

Abstract

A bioprospecting study was conducted from Seawater samples collected at Kaohsiung Seacoast, Taiwan. The current research was aimed to isolate potential lutein-producing strain, evaluate and optimize the best cultivation mode, lutein accumulation stage, lutein-extraction method, and condition to recover maximum lutein (main product) and lipid (byproduct). Biorefinery is the latest approach worldwide to extract multi-products for cost-effectiveness. Selected isolate among several isolates, identified as Chlorella sorokiniana Kh12 and exploited under biorefinery concept for lutein and lipid extraction. Kh12 cultivated under mixotrophy: 2X-(HT)-9k yielded maximum biomass (3.46 g L−1) and lutein (13.69 mg g−1) which is among the higher yields reported so far. Among various tested solvents, methanol was the best extractor. Bead milling was most effective to disrupt algal cell walls, seven minutes of milling was best for maximum lutein (7.56 mg g−1) extraction. Kh12 could be a promising candidate for commercial lutein and lipid co-production based on the outcome.

Section snippets

1. Introduction

Microalgae have become a potential platform for biological carbon-capturing and reduction of greenhouse gas emissions (Choi et al., 2019, Patel et al., 2021e). Moreover, it offers an environmentally benign 3rd generation feedstock for biofuels such as bioethanol, biodiesel, biomethane, etc. (Choi et al., 2019, Patel et al., 2020a, Patel et al., 2021b) and high-value products carotenoids, proteins, and other bioactive compounds (Patel et al., 2021a, Patel et al., 2021c, Marker, 2022). In recent

Materials

All the chemicals used for production and analytics were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (USA). Reagents used for assays were of analytical grade and extraction solvents such as methanol, ethanol, acetone, acetonitrile, dichloromethane, and diethyl ether were obtained from J.T baker and Honeywell (New Jersey USA).

Seawater sample collection and enrichment

Seawater samples used for prominent microalgal growth have been collected from various locations of Kaohsiung Seacoast, Nanzih district, Taiwan and marked as C1, F1, KH1, and E1. These

Analytical methods

A spectrophotometer (Model UV-1800, Shimadzu, Japan) was used to measure the absorbance at 750 nm (OD 750) of the microalgae cells. An LI-COR photometer (Model LI-250 light meter, USA) was used to measure light intensity. A digital pH meter (Hanna Instrument, HI 8314 model) was used to measure the pH of the culture broth.

(a) Biomass estimation: Gravimetric filtration was used to determine the dry cell weight (DCW) of each microalgae biomass sample. To determine the biomass weight, the final dry

Isolation, selection, and identification of potential microalgae isolate

From morphological and growth characterization, results were encouraging from all studied isolates. These marine microalgae isolates were fast-growing strains and yielding minimum biomass > 2.5 g L−1 dry cell weight (DCW) which is a good range, however, average biomass yields were close to 3 g L−1 and some strains were exceptionally impressive with DCW yield close or > 4 g l−1. Most of the microalgal products are positively correlated with biomass yields (Patel et al., 2019), hence higher

Conclusions

Bioprospecting of the potential marine microalgae was aimed for high-value product synthesis. Selected isolate Kh12 exploited under biorefinery concept for lutein and fatty acids extraction. Isolate Chlorella sorokiniana Kh12 cultivated under mixotrophic modes, especially at 2X-HT-9 k produced the maximum biomass (3.46 g L−1) and lutein (13.69 mg g−1) yields. HT is composed of primary-metal- components of photosystem-II. Among various tested solvents, methanol was best for extraction. Bead

CRediT authorship contribution statement

Anil Kumar Patel: Conceptualization, Data curation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing, Visualization, Supervision. Akash Pralhad Vadrale: Conceptualization, Writing – original draft. Yi-Sheng Tseng: Validation, Supervision. Chiu-Wen Chen: Validation, Supervision. Cheng-Di Dong: Validation, Data curation, Visualization, Supervision. Reeta Rani Singhania: Conceptualization, Data curation, Writing – original draft, Writing – review & editing.

Declaration of Competing Interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

Acknowledgment

AKP, RRS, CWC, and CDD would like to acknowledge the Taiwan MOST for funding support (Ref. No. 109-2222-E-992-002).

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