Murine macrophages or their secretome delivered in alginate dressings enhance impaired wound healing in diabetic mice
Section snippets
CRediT author statement
Conceptualization: G.T, D.M., A.V.; Formal analysis: G.T, S.R, X.K, S.M., M.N.; Funding acquisition: D.M., A.V.; Investigation: G.T, S.R, S.L., Z.L., A.L, K.K, P.W.; Methodology: G.T., S.R., S.L.; Supervision: I.V., M.N., D.M., A.V.; Validation: G.T., S.R.; Visualization: G.T., S.R.; Writing - original draft: G.T.; Writing - review & editing: G.T., M.N., D. M., and A.V.
Alginate bandage fabrication and optimization of cell seeding
Alginate bandages with micron-sized pores were fabricated by a process of lyophilization, calcium crosslinking, and a second lyophilization step to yield dry, off-the-shelf available materials (Fig. 1A). Fabricated bandages demonstrated consistent porosity across their cross-section (Fig. 1B), with continuous pores running throughout the volume (Fig. 1C). The calcium crosslinking and second lyophilization did not markedly alter the structure nor porosity resulting from the initial bandage
Discussion
In the present study, we first showed that alginate dressings with a microporous structure enable cell loading, and are an appropriate delivery platform for macrophages and their conditioned media. A microporous structure was desirable, in order to enable cell loading throughout the dressing volume, and subsequent cellular egress into wounds after placement. These dressings further enabled cell proliferation and maintenance of viability. In the lyophilized state, these dressings can be readily
Animals
All animals were housed and treated in accordance with the Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals of the National Institutes of Health. All experimental procedures were approved by the IACUC at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. Male C57BL/6 J (stock # 000664), CAG:mRFP1 [B6. Cg-Tg(CAG-mRFP1)1F1Hadj/J, stock # 005884)] and db/db [B6·BKS(D)-Leprdb/J, stock # 000697] mice were obtained from Jackson Laboratories and were acclimated to the animal facility for at least 1 week before
Declaration of competing interest
The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.
Acknowledgements
This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health Grant DP3DK108224 (D.M. and A.V.). A.V. received funding from the National Rongxiang Xu Foundation. G.T. received a George and Marie Vergottis Foundation Postdoctoral Fellowship.
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These authors contributed equally to this work as co-senior authors.