Promoting oral mucosal wound healing using a DCS-RuB₂A₂ hydrogel based on a photoreactive antibacterial and sustained release of BMSCs

Highlights

• Light-responsive antibacterial hydrogel rapidly repairs oral mucosal trauma.

• DCS-RuB₂A₂ , as a 3D culture system is suitable for release and paracrine effect of BMSCs in a dark oral trauma environment.

• DCS-RuB₂A₂ anchors to the bacterial membrane and local sterilization effect after visible light irradiation.

• Bioinformatic analysis suggested that DCS-RuB₂A₂-BMSCs may influence bacterial infection and cytokine changes.

Abstract

The high occurrence rate and difficulties in symptom control are listed as the major problems of oral mucosal disease by medical professionals. Following the development of oral mucosal lesions, the oral microenvironment changes, immunity declines, and continuous bacterial stimulation causes wound infection. Traditional antibacterial drugs are ineffective for oral mucosal lesions. To overcome this problem, a light-responsive antibacterial hydrogel containing sustained-release BMSCs was inspired by the trauma environment in the oral cavity, which is different from that on the body surface since it mostly remains under dark conditions. In the absence of light, the hydrogel seals the wound to form a barrier, exerts a natural bacteriostatic effect, and prevents invasion by foreign bacteria. Simultaneously, mesenchymal stem cells are presented, and the released growth factors and other substances have excellent anti-inflammatory and angiogenic effects, which result in rapid repair of the damaged site. Under light conditions, after photo-induced shedding of the hydrogel, RuB₂A exerts an antibacterial effect accompanied by degradation of the hydrogel. Results in a rat oral mucosal repair model demonstrate that DCS-RuB₂A₂-BMSCs could rapidly repair the oral mucosa within 4 days. Sequencing data provide ideas for further analysis of the intrinsic molecular mechanisms and signaling pathways. Taken together, our results suggest that this light-responsive antibacterial hydrogel loaded with BMSCs can be used for rapid wound repair and may advance the development of therapeutic strategies for the treatment of clinical oral mucosal defects.