Original article: cardiovascularArtificial surface-induced cytokine synthesis: effect of heparin coating and complement inhibition
Section snippets
Reagents
Heparin-coated polyvinyl chloride (H-PVC) tubing (CBAS [Carmeda BioActive Surface] and uncoated PVC tubing were provided by Carmeda AB (Stockholm, Sweden). Sterile phosphate-buffered saline was from Life Technologies (Paisley, UK) and lepirudin (Refludan) from Hoechst (Frankfurt am Main, Germany). Cycloheximide and recombinant human C5a were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO).
Interleukin-8
Incubation of blood for 4 hours in PVC loops increased median IL-8 concentration from 5 to 513 pg/mL (Fig 1, left panel, p < 0.001). This increase was reduced to 126 pg/mL by addition of cycloheximide (Fig 1, left panel, p < 0.02 versus PVC), indicating that the majority of IL-8 was synthesized during incubation.
Monocyte chemoattractant protein 1
Incubation of blood for 4 hours in PVC loops increased median MCP-1 concentration from 47 to 233 pg/mL (Fig 1, right panel, p < 0.001). This increase was reduced to 76 pg/mL by
Comment
The systemic inflammatory response during and after CPB has been a subject of considerable research. That is due both to the frequency with which CPB is performed and its potentially serious complications, as well as to the fact that CPB represents a fairly standardized model for studying in vivo human inflammatory reactions. However, as several factors influence the type and degree of the inflammatory response seen in such settings, results from different studies may not be directly
Acknowledgements
Excellent technical assistance was provided by Hilde Fure and Dorte Christiansen. Financial support was kindly provided by Tanox, Inc, Carmeda AB, The Norwegian Council on Cardiovascular Disease, The Norwegian Foundation for Health and Rehabilitation, and the following legacies: The Blix' family, Odd Fellow, Mariane og Rolf Bjørn, Sparebanken Nord-Norge, and The Sonneborn Chairtable Trust.
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