REVIEWExploration and insights into the cellular internalization and intracellular fate of amphiphilic polymeric nanocarriers
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Graphical abstract
Understanding the parameters controlling nanocarrier endocytosis and intracellular fate is essential to predict their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic behavior. Directing nanoparticles towards specific sub-cellular organelles requires the manipulation of physicochemical attributes.
KEY WORDS
Amphiphilic
Copolymer
Nanoparticles
Internalization
Intracellular fate
Abbreviations
AR
aspect ratio
Cav-1
caveolin-1
CCP
clathrin coated pits
Cy
cyanine
DOX
doxorubicin
ER
endoplasmic reticulum
FITC
fluorescein isothiocyanate
HER-2
human epidermal growth factor receptor 2
IL-2
interleukin
mPEG
methoxy poly(ethylene glycol)
RBITC
rhodamine B isothiocyanate
RES
reticuloendothelial system
Rmax
minimum size threshold value
Rmin
maximum size threshold value
SEM
scanning electron microscopy
SR & LR
short rod and long rod
TEM
transmission electron microscopy
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Peer review under the responsibility of Chinese Pharmaceutical Association and Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences.
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