Review ArticleCorrelates of Physical Activity Among Disadvantaged Groups: A Systematic Review
Section snippets
CONTEXT
Regular physical activity (PA) has a range of health benefits.1 It is a protective factor for the prevention and treatment of leading chronic diseases, including heart disease, stroke, diabetes, and breast and colon cancer. PA is also associated with delay in the onset of dementia and improved mental health, quality of life, sleep, and well-being.2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 However, more than 40% of adults from developed countries do not meet recommended levels of PA.8 Consequently, physical inactivity
EVIDENCE ACQUISITION
PubMed and Scopus were searched up to May 2018 with no date limitation (Appendix Text 1, available online). Groups of thesaurus terms and free terms were searched for PA (physical* activ*, walk*, exercise, lifestyle, life style, health behavio*), correlates (correlate, determinant, mediator, moderator, predictor, relationships, associations, barriers, facilitators), and socioeconomic disadvantage (low SES, low* socio*, low* income, disadvantaged, deprived, underserved, low* educat*). Reference
EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS
In total, 1,558 titles and abstracts were screened; 1,435 were removed by title or abstract, and 123 full texts were reviewed, 73 of which were selected for synthesis (Figure 1).
Most eligible studies included analyses of PA (n=48), and 31 included analyses of LTPA. Six articles included analyses of both PA and LTPA. Study characteristics, quality assessment, and findings of these analyses are presented separately (noting that some articles appear in both).
Characteristics of PA studies are in
DISCUSSION
This review examined evidence relating to correlates of PA and LTPA among socioeconomically disadvantaged population groups. Overall, few factors were consistently associated with participation in either PA or LTPA. One explanation for the lack of consistent associations was that the included studies selected participants based on their low SES. Therefore, it was less likely that factors that are associated with engagement in PA when the general population is studied, such as level of education,
CONCLUSIONS
The aim of this review was to identify consistent correlates of participation in PA and LTPA among socioeconomic disadvantaged populations in developed countries. Overall, there were few consistent associations with either LTPA or PA. The available evidence suggests that future interventions and campaigns should focus on simultaneously addressing LTPA and mental health concerns, improve perceptions of benefits and enjoyment of PA, consider the needs of and focus on those with poor self-rated
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS
Author contributions: MC led the study; MC and EG conceptualized the study; GW, TAH, MC, MB, and AP screened for eligibility; GW, MB, MC, TAH, MP, and AP completed the data extraction. All authors were involved in the writing of the manuscript and read and approved the final manuscript.
PROSPERO Registration: CRD42018097413.
No financial disclosures were reported by the authors of this paper.
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