American Journal of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics
Original articleDental malocclusion among children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder
Section snippets
Material and methods
This cross-sectional study was carried out at the Orthodontic Clinic of the Université de Montréal and the Division of Dentistry of the Montreal Children's Hospital in Quebec, Canada. The study received ethics approval from the ethics committees of both participating institutions, and informed consent was provided by all children and their parents.
Children aged between 6 and 17 years with a medical diagnosis of ADHD were included in this study. Eligible children were those in mixed or permanent
Results
Interrater reliability for the DAI calculated with the intraclass correlation coefficient was 0.818, which was considered as excellent for this study. A total of 88 patients were included in this study, and the sample was equally divided between the 2 groups: ADHD group (n = 44) and control group (n = 44). Characteristics of study participants are shown in Table I. Seventy percent of the participants in both groups were male, and the mean age was 11 years.
In the ADHD group, most patients were
Discussion
Dental malocclusion significantly impairs children's appearance, oral function, psychosocial well-being, and quality of life. The more severe the malocclusion, the worse are the consequences that can be expected, including multiple functional problems such as pain, traumatic occlusion, and chewing problems.18 Understanding the malocclusion of specific subgroups of the population, such as children with ADHD, is therefore critical for the development of preventive and interceptive orthodontic
Conclusions
Children with ADHD presented significantly higher DAI scores, more severe dental rotation, and more parafunctional oral habits than the control group. Considering the increased risk of parafunctional oral habits and dental malocclusion among children with ADHD, our results highlight the need for developing preventive orthodontic programs as well as therapeutic strategies for this population.
Acknowledgments
The authors thank the children who participated in this study. In addition, the authors thank the staff of the Division of Dentistry of the Montreal Children's Hospital, as well as Dr Shuvo Ghosh and Jodi Paterson, for their invaluable contributions in the recruitment of patients.
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2021, International OrthodonticsCitation Excerpt :Although the ADHD group in this study presented more with Class II skeletal pattern, no significant differences were found between the groups for any of the skeletal, dental, and soft tissue cephalometric variables. This is similar to the findings of Roy et al., 2020 [36], who evaluated dental malocclusion among patients with ADHD and found more frequent presentation of Class II molar occlusion and increased overjet in the ADHD group compared the controls. However, their findings did not reach statistical significance as well.
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All authors have completed and submitted the ICMJE Form for Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest, and none were reported.