MRI-guided interventionSpecial reportTruly Hybrid X-Ray/MR Imaging: Toward a Streamlined Clinical System1
Section snippets
System Design
The layout and components of the SP-XMR system are shown in Figure 1. For comparison, the details of the first clinical prototype and the present SP-XMR are depicted in Figures 1a,b and 1c,d, respectively. The basic setup features in the two generations of the SP-XMR system include the x-ray tube and detector placed between the double donuts of the 0.5T Signa SP magnet, and the data acquisition and control interface placed outside the MR suite.
The first prototype used a fixed anode x-ray tube
X-Ray Tube Output
The results of the effect of the magnetic field on the x-ray focal spot for the two x-ray tubes in their respective magnetic field locations are shown in Figure 2a–d. To compare the change in focal spot size from the external magnetic field, 10 line profiles across each focal spot image were averaged. The full width at half maximum was evaluated in each case. The focal spot size for the old tube that experienced a 0.28 T field, increased by 109 ± 5% from the original size. For the new tube that
Discussion
The SP-XMR system has proved to be beneficial in guiding minimally invasive procedures involving flow and soft-tissue imaging. Although the first-generation SP-XMR system was limited particularly by the SNR of the x-ray system, this was vastly improved by installation of a higher power unit. This feature allows this hybrid imaging protocol to be successfully employed for larger patients as well. The additional advantages including AEC, DICOM image format, image archiving, and remote collimator
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by NIH grants RR09784 and EB000198, GE Healthcare, and the Lucas Foundation. We would like to thank Scott Williams for building the collimators and the shim magnet holder. We also greatly appreciate the technical and surgical assistance provided by Claudia Cooper and Gillian Johnson for during the patient procedures.
References (22)
- et al.
Truly hybrid interventional MR/X-ray systeminvestigation of in vivo applications
Acad Radiol
(2001) - et al.
Experimental renal artery embolization in a combined MR imaging/angiographic unit
J Vasc Interv Radiol
(2003) - et al.
A truly hybrid interventional MR/X-ray systemfeasibility demonstration
J Magn Reson Imaging
(2001) Philips Medical Systems builds world’s first XMR system at UCSF
Journal Belge de Belgish Tïjdscrift voor Radiologie
(2001)- et al.
Minimally invasive procedures. Interventional MR image-guided functional neurosurgery
Neuroimaging Clin N Am
(2001) - et al.
Minimally invasive procedures. Interventional MR image-guided neurobiopsy
Neuroimaging Clin N Am
(2001) - et al.
Cost-efficacy of MR-guided neurointerventions
Neuroimaging Clin N Am
(2001) - et al.
Registration and tracking to integrate X-ray and MR images in an XMR facility
IEEE Trans Med Imaging
(2003) - et al.
- et al.
Real-time XMR guidance for cardiac electrophysiology procedures
(2004)
XMR guided cardiac electrophysiology study and radio frequency ablation
Cited by (28)
State of the Art Head and Neck Imaging for the Endovascular Specialist
2009, Neuroimaging Clinics of North AmericaCitation Excerpt :X-ray fluoroscopy–MR imaging hybrid systems offer excellent temporal and spatial resolution of X-ray and fine soft tissue contrast resolution provided by MR imaging. This is a distinct advantage in procedures involving anesthetized patients with critically positioned needles and interventional instruments and during procedures in which precise image fusion of MR imaging and X-ray images is anticipated.39 Another recently developed hybrid system combines CT and DSA technology.
MRI-guided interventions
2005, Academic RadiologyX-ray image quality and system exposure parameters for a hybrid Angio-MR system
2020, Physics in Medicine and BiologyImage-guided Sports Medicine and Musculoskeletal Tumor Interventions: A Patient-Centered Model
2020, Seminars in Musculoskeletal RadiologyEmerging clinical applications of computed tomography
2015, Medical Devices: Evidence and Research