Binding kinetics and multi-bond: Finding correlations by synthesizing interactions between ligand-coated bionanoparticles and receptor surfaces
Graphical abstract
Section snippets
Materials
Polystyrene nanoparticles were purchased from Life Technologies, Thermo Fisher Scientific. Mes (2-(N-morpholino)ethanesulfonic acid monohydrate) was purchased from Carl Roth (Karlsruhe, Germany). Polyclonal human IgG, EDC (N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N'-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride), NHS (N-hydroxysuccinimide), glycine, and all other chemicals were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich. The dialysis membranes were purchased from Spectrum Labs (Frankfurt, Germany). Vivaspin 20 centrifugal concentrators
Results and discussion
In the current work, the ligand density was studied in the number of hundreds of ligands as opposed to previous studies [21], [28] focusing on tens of ligands per BioNP. Accordingly, the bonds formed by this BioNP with a high number of ligands also have the number in a range of hundreds. The multivalent interaction responds differently to density change of either the ligand or receptor. For example, Hartwell and coworkers showed that the signaling activity in immunotherapy depended on the
Conclusions
We have evaluated the multivalent effects in terms of the number of bonds formed between the ligands of single bionanoparticles and the surface receptors and demonstrated the correlation of the number of bonds with the binding kinetics by changing the densities of both ligand and receptor. For this purpose, an experimental system was first established where different types of BioNPs were synthesized by coating polystyrene nanoparticles with a variable amount of polyclonal human IgGs, and
Acknowledgment
W. Wang is affiliated with the International Max Planck Research School (IMPRS) for Advanced Methods in Process and System Engineering (Magdeburg) and gratefully acknowledges the scholarship from IMPRS.
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