Arsenic pentafluoride gas is not only extremely toxic and corrosive, but also hazardous to the aquatic environment, and is listed as a potential carcinogen. It is used in the synthesis of electroconductive polymers, semiconductor fabrication, and some chemicals. It causes several health effects, including neurologic and neurobehavioral effects, cardiovascular disease, pulmonary or hepatic fibrosis, hematological effects, etc. Keeping the safety of exposed persons from probable adverse effects, many rules and plans have been identified for numerous inorganic and organic procedures for arsenic by international, federal, and state organizations. This chapter is focused on the risk assessment and environmental and health hazards of arsenic pentafluoride.