Currently, intestinal diseases have major health and economic impacts worldwide. Finding more effective therapeutic approaches for intestinal diseases is still challenging. The recent development of a broad range of cutting-edge in vivo and in vitro research tools and approaches has facilitated the investigation of intestinal diseases and regeneration and the potential applications of stem cells in intestinal repair, regeneration, and diseases. These cutting-edge tools/approaches include mouse and human organoid cultures, genetic editing in vitro and in vivo, human-induced pluripotent cell models of disease, mesenchymal and hematopoietic stem cells, haploid cells for genetic as well as compound screening paradigms, genetically engineered mice, and stem cell transplantation to cure diseases. Nevertheless, there are still some limitations and challenges for the application of these cutting-edge approaches in the treatment of human intestinal diseases and in intestinal repair and regeneration.
