Hematologic disorders can affect the central and peripheral nervous systems in a number of different ways, producing a wide range of neurologic disturbances. They result in nervous system dysfunction through a variety of mechanisms, including vascular occlusion, hemorrhage, infiltration, and metabolic disturbance, which may be hereditary or acquired. Hematologic disorders are a frequent cause of certain syndromes, such as venous thrombosis, but rarer causes of a wide range of neurologic conditions. Hematologic disease should be considered as a cause of subacute multifocal disorders. Some of these neurologic complications are well described, but others are less clearly defined. In the present chapter, neurologic aspects of each of the main groups of hematologic disorders and their treatments are discussed.
