The role of n-3 PUFAs has gained more importance these last decades, especially in inflammatory processes because they can display anti-inflammatory properties. Excessive inflammation can cause local tissue damage. This is especially the case for the brain for which the functional consequences of neuroinflammation include alterations in cognition, affect and behavior leading to a negative impact on the quality of life and well-being of patients. Hence, limiting the inflammation in the brain is a real strategy for neuroinflammatory disease therapy and treatment. Recent data show that n-3 PUFAs exert anti-inflammatory properties in part through the synthesis of specialized pro-resolving mediators such as resolvins that actively turned off the inflammatory response. This review first outlines basic concepts of the role of n-3 PUFAs in neuroinflammation, then summarizes the biosynthesis, signaling pathways and role of resolvins. We finally presented the possible regulation of the resolution of inflammation by dietary means and inflammation.
