Antioxidants and Polyphenols in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn Disease

doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-813008-7.00023-0

Polyphenols: Prevention and Treatment of Human Disease (Second Edition)

2018, Pages 279-292

https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-813008-7.00023-0 Get rights and content

Abstract

Inflammatory bowel disease, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn disease may be induced by combined interactions of dysregulated immune reaction, environmental factors, and disease susceptibility genes. In normal conditions, reactive oxygen species play an important role in protecting the body from invading microorganisms. However, excessive production of ROS, mainly by neutrophils and macrophages in the intestinal mucosa, may play a role in the pathogenesis of inflammatory bowel disease. Antioxidants including polyphenols have been found to be effective for ameliorating the experimental colitis. Study on animal experimental colitis showed polyphenols’ effectiveness for inflammatory bowel diseases in three mechanisms: antioxidants, immunosuppressants, and ameliorating intestinal flora. Thus, curcumin, green tea (epigallocatechin-3-gallate-rich polyphenon E), bilberry anthocyanins, wheat grass juice, resveratrol, superoxide dismutase, and fish oils were shown to be effective in part for the treatment of human inflammatory bowel disease.

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Citation Excerpt :
Flavones are found widely in plant sources as O-glycosides. Apigenin, a common flavone in tea, olives, oranges, parsley, celery, etc., is well known for its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, neuroprotection, protection against colitis, and collagen-induced platelet aggregation (Asakura and Kitahora, 2018; Salehi et al., 2019). Oxygenated flavones, abundantly produced in Andrographis species, are highly bioactive with excellent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties (Parmar et al., 1994).
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Citation Excerpt :
It has been reported that glallotannin of berries and pomegranate fruits were significantly upregulated the expression of tight junction proteins (TJs) leading to decreased gut permeability to microbial ligands through AhR-Nrf2 pathways (Singh et al., 2019). Reactive oxygen species (ROS) played an important role in the pathogenesis of a variety of acute and chronic inflammatory diseases (Asakura and Kitahora, 2018). A remarkable increased release of ROS from epithelial cells such as neutrophils, eosinophils, and monocytes which are an essential part of the mucosal immune system, may aggravate intestinal epithelial inflammation of UC (Maldonado-Contreras and Mccormick, 2011; Aviello and Knaus, 2017).
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Citation Excerpt :
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Chapter 23 - Antioxidants and Polyphenols in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Ulcerative Colitis and Crohn Disease

Abstract