Chapter 2 - Natural Phytoestrogens: A Class of Promising Neuroprotective Agents for Parkinson Disease

https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-809593-5.00002-1Get rights and content

Abstract

Parkinson disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease characterized by a loss of dopamine neurons. There is no cure for PD, but various symptomatic treatments are available. In PD, protein misfolding, oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, excitotoxicity, and neuroinflammation are implicated in dopamine neuron neurodegeneration. A greater prevalence of PD and earlier age at onset is observed in men compared with women, and it could be related to female gonadal hormone exposure. In animal models of PD, estrogen and progesterone are neuroprotective against neurotoxin-induced dopamine neuron loss. Phytoestrogens are products found naturally in plants having chemical similarities with estradiol; they also have neuroprotective activity in animal models of PD. Phytoestrogens are also potent antioxidants and are beneficial to the maintenance of mitochondrial functions. Neuroprotection with phytoestrogens and polyphenolic compounds and their mechanisms of action are reviewed in PD models. This review presents sources of further information and related future trends.

References (0)

Cited by (14)

  • Biofunctionalized Chrysin-conjugated gold nanoparticles neutralize Leishmania parasites with high efficacy

    2022, International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
    Citation Excerpt :

    The flavonoid chrysin is a small-molecule (254 Da) natural product and is a kinase inhibitor. It is abundantly found in honey, passion flowers (Passiflora incarnate and P. caerulea), Oroxylum indicum, and propolis [20]. CHY possesses excellent medicinal properties, including anti-cancer, antioxidant, antibacterial, antifungal, anti-parasitic, and anti-diabetic activities [21–26].

  • Euphorbia bicolor (Euphorbiaceae) latex phytochemicals and applications to analgesia

    2021, Treatments, Mechanisms, and Adverse Reactions of Anesthetics and Analgesics
View all citing articles on Scopus
a

Contributed equally to this manuscript.

View full text