This chapter deals with secondary metabolites from African medicinal plants belonging to the triterpenoids family. The chapter highlights different skeletons of triterpenoids, including steroids, triterpenes, saponins, limonoids, and quassinoids. Furthermore, the way to identify them in a crude extract based on Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectra is mentioned. A biosynthesis pathway of triterpenes and steroids has been proposed. In general, up to 350 new and 100 known compounds of this class isolated from African medicinal plants as well as the biological activity of some of these compounds are reported. Moreover, compounds with interesting structures are discussed.
