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Antimicrobial activity of Acanthus ilicifolius: Skin infection pathogens

https://doi.org/10.1016/S2222-1808(13)60036-5Get rights and content

Abstract

Objective

To investigate the antimicrobial activity of Acanthus ilicifolius against the skin infecting bacterial and fungal pathogens. Through the literature survey, the mangrove plant Acanthus ilicifolius was used in skin infection diseases and have potential anti-inflammatory activity.

Methods

Antimicrobial activity of the leaf extracts was tested using agar well diffusion method. Minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were carried out.

Results

Among the different extracts, chloroform extract showed maximum activity against the bacterial pathogens methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Trichophyton rubrum. Methanol and acetone extracts showed maximum activity against Staphylococcus epidermis and Lactobacillus plantarum respectively. Chloroform extracts showed the lowest MIC (0.5 mg/mL) and MBC (2 mg/mL) values against the skin pathogens compared with other extracts. Phytochemical screening revealed the presence of resins, steroids, tannins, glycosides, sugars, carbohydrates, saponins, sterols, terpenoids, phenol, alkaloids, cardiac glycosides and catechol.

Conclusions

Further, the separation of potential compounds from the crude extracts will be useful for control the skin infection pathogens.

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      In another study of different leaf extracts, seven methicillin-resistant microorganisms responsible for skin infection were evaluated, namely, C. albicans, Lactobacillus plantarum, P. aeruginosa, Staphylococcus epidermis S. aureus, Streptococcus pyogenes, and Trichophyton rubrum. Chloroform extract showed the highest activity against all microorganisms, except for the S. epidermis and L. plantarum, to which acetone and methanol were the most active (Govindasamy and Arulpriya, 2013). Ethanol, methanol, and aqueous extracts from leaf, stem, and root of the same plant were assessed by the cub-plate method to detect the efficiency against nine bacterial strains: Bacillus megaterium, Escherichia coli, Lactobacillus acidophilus, L. plantarum, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Salmonella paratyphi B, Shigella dycentreae, Staphylococcus albus, and Streptococcus mutans, and the fungus Aspergillus flavus and C. albicans.

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      The plant's root is used as a traditional medicine for cough, asthma, leucorrhea, and paralysis. [18]. According to phytochemical investigations, Acanthus ilicifolius contains a number of significant chemical substances, including triterpenoids, alkaloids, saponins, glycosides, phenols, flavonoids, steroids, etc. [19–21]. Active compounds found in the Acanthus ilicifolius have the potential to be employed as antibacterial medicines [22].

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    Foundation Project: This work was financially supported by University Grants Commission [UGC- F. No. 36-3/2008 (SR) dt. 24.03.2009], New Delhi, India.

    Peer reviewer Dr. P. Ruban, Assistant Professor, Department of Biotechnology, SNMV college of Arts and Science, Coimbatore. Tel: +91 9843554365, Fax: +91 422 2610433 E-mail: [email protected]

    Comments Skin infection is a worldwide health problem. So this is a good study in which the authors work in the pathogens which are antibiotic resistance. The final results are interesting and the extracts are having the potential compounds for its activity.

    Available online 28 Jun 2013

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