Trends in Immunology
Antibody-mediated regulation of cellular immunity and the inflammatory response
Section snippets
Interactive Abs: interdependence of AMI and CMI
The historically recognized, or classical, mechanisms of Ab action include toxin neutralization, viral neutralization, opsonization and Ab-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC). Toxin and viral neutralization are singular Ab functions because Ab can mediate these without additional mediators and/or cells. Classical mechanisms of Ab action that are not singular include opsonization, ADCC and in some instances, complement activation. These functions are termed ‘interactive’ because they require
Ab can either enhance or reduce inflammation
Potential mechanisms for interaction and/or collaboration between AMI and CMI can be inferred from available knowledge about the host response to microbial agents and the functions of Ab and T cells. Cytokines and chemokines can influence many facets of the immune response, including the generation of an effective inflammatory response and the functioning of immune cells. Nitric oxide (NO) can function directly as an antimicrobial effector molecule or indirectly through regulatory effects on
Ab and B cells modulate the inflammatory response
The enhanced susceptibility of B-cell deficient mice to West Nile virus [35], Chlamydiohia abortus [36], Leishmania donovani [37], Toxoplasma gondii [38] and HSV [39] is associated with more intense inflammation and/or proinflammatory cytokine response. HSV infection in B-cell deficient mice is associated with activation of Th1- and reduced Th2-type CD4+ T-cell cytokine responses [39] but specific Ab protection in mice with lymphocytic choriomeningitis is associated with a reduction in
Good responses reduce and bad responses cause damage
Ab responses are generally thought to be beneficial, however, examples of disease-enhancing Abs to viral pathogens have been known for some time. In recent years, studies with mAbs to C. neoformans have provided a glimpse into the intricacy of what might constitute a protective (‘good’) or a non-protective or disease-enhancing (‘bad’) Ab response. The efficacy of a mAb against C. neoformans is dependent on Ig-related variables, such as specificity [49], IgG subclass and amount [50] and host
Conclusion
Classical views of Ab function are too limited to account for the potential effects of AMI on the immune response and the host–microbe interaction, particularly for microbes that only cause host damage in the setting of impaired immunity. Studies with mAbs have revealed that the efficacy of the immune response to infection can reflect the interactions between AMI and CMI, and in doing so have debunked the view of a division of labour, whereby AMI and CMI are limited to defence against
References (53)
Malaria-specific antibody subclasses in immune individuals: a key source of information for vaccine design
Trends Immunol.
(2003)Polysaccharides, mimotopes and vaccines for fungal and encapsulated pathogens
Trends Microbiol.
(2001)Antibody-mediated effects against Cryptococcus neoformans: evidence for interdependency and collaboration between humoral and cellular immunity
Res. Immunol.
(1998)Fc receptors are major mediators of antibody based inflammation in autoimmunity
Curr. Opin. Immunol.
(2002)Stimulatory and inhibitory signals originating from the macrophage Fcγ receptors
Microbes Infect.
(2001)Immunoglobulin free light chains and mast cells: pivotal role in T-cell-mediated immune reactions?
Trends Immunol.
(2003)Is ‘timing’ important for cytokine polarization?
Trends Immunol.
(2002)Ueber das zustandekommen der diptherie-immunität und der tetanus-immunität bei thieren
Deutch Med. Woch
(1890)X-linked agammaglobulinemia. A clinical and molecular analysis
Medicine (Baltimore)
(1996)Serum therapy for tuberculosis revisited: a reappraisal of the role of antibody-mediated immunity against Mycobacterium tuberculosis
Clin. Microbiol. Rev.
(1998)
Biasing immune responses by directing antigen to macrophage Fcγ receptors
J. Immunol.
T cells cooperate with passive antibody to modify Cryptococcus neoformans infection in mice
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
Qualitative change in antibody responses of human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals to pneumococcal capsular polysaccharide vaccination associated with highly active antiretroviral therapy
J. Infect. Dis.
Protection of mice against experimental cryptococcosis by anti-Cryptococcus neoformans monoclonal antibody
Infect. Immun.
Antibody response that protects against disseminated candidiasis
Infect. Immun.
Paradigm revisited: antibody provides resistance to Listeria infection
J. Immunol.
A monoclonal antibody recognizing a surface antigen of Mycobacterium tuberculosis enhances host survival
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A.
Effect of serum IgG1 against murine pulmonary infection with Cryptococcus neoformans
J. Immunol.
Specific antibody to Cryptococcus neoformans alters human leukocyte cytokine synthesis and promotes T cell proliferation
Infect. Immun.
Immune complexes increase nitric oxide production by interferon-γ-stimulated murine macrophage-like J774.16 cells
J. Leukoc. Biol.
Antibody efficacy in murine pulmonary Cryptococcus neoformans infection: a role for nitric oxide
J. Immunol.
Both Th1 and Th2 cytokines affect the ability of monoclonal antibodies to protect mice against Cryptococcus neoformans
Infect. Immun.
Antibody-mediated protection in murine Cryptococcus neoformans infection is associated with subtle pleotrophic effects on the cytokine and leukocyte response
Infect. Immun.
A novel role for B cells in early protective immunity to an intracellular pathogen Franciscella tularensis strain LVS
J. Immunol.
The role of cytophilic IgG3 antibody in T cell-mediated resistance to infection with the extracellular bacterium Pseudomonas aeruginosa
J. Immunol.
Anti-glycoprotein b monoclonal antibody protects T cell-dependent mice against herpes simplex virus infection by inhibition of virus replication at the inoculated mucous membranes
J. Gen. Virol.
Cited by (130)
Understanding the challenges to COVID-19 vaccines and treatment options, herd immunity and probability of reinfection
2023, Journal of Taibah University Medical SciencesCitation Excerpt :Antibody treatment can also be used to treat individuals already exhibiting symptoms with varying severity. In contrast, passive antibody therapy is most successful when applied prophylactically, or when used immediately after the onset of signs and symptoms.174 Passive antibody administration through transfusion of CP may be the only short-term method available for providing direct immunity to susceptible patients in a timely manner.
Anti-SARS-CoV-2 hyperimmune plasma workflow
2020, Transfusion and Apheresis ScienceCitation Excerpt :Passive immunotherapy can prevent the clinical development of the infection or reduce the severity of the infection in those subjects recently exposed to various pathogens. Its effectiveness is higher if administered for preventive purposes or at an early stage from the onset of the symptoms [7,8]. A further use of CP is the development of a polyclonal "hyperimmune globulin" concentrate obtained from a pool of plasma donors called "hyperimmune plasma ",collected through apheresis from patients treated after an infection and who have developed high serum titers of neutralizing antibodies [43].
Synthetic Particulate Subunit Vaccines for the Prevention of Q Fever
2024, Advanced Healthcare MaterialsQ fever immunology: the quest for a safe and effective vaccine
2023, npj Vaccines