Adsorption of carminic acid, a dye onto glass powder
Introduction
The adsorption of several anionic dyes such as D&C Red #6, Naphtol Yellow S (Acid Yellow #1), Acid Blue #25 and Guinea Green B onto alumina-modified silica particles has been studied in order to prepare nanosize pigments for special applications such as ink-jets and color filters for flat panel displays [1]. Reactive dyes have also been grafted to derivatized silica surfaces to produce water dispersible pigments for ink-jet applications [2].
Carminic acid is an anionic, anthraquinone-based food coloring dye. Since CA is relatively water soluble and nontoxic, it forms a model compound for investigation the recovery of organic chemicals utilizing adsorption techniques [3]. Sahm et al. underlined the usefulness of direct current (dc) polarography for the determination of anthraquinone-based dyes [4]. For these dyes, reversible reduction waves are observed for the two-electron reduction of the anthraquinone moiety in acidic medium [5], [6], [7], [8]. The diffusion current of the reduction wave linearly increases with increasing dye concentration. The dye content of the dispersion can, therefore, be determined in without any separation procedures such as centrifugation or filtration.
The rate of adsorption of an adsorbate onto porous adsorbents depends on three essential steps: (i) external film diffusion across the boundary layer, (ii) adsorption at a surface site and (iii) internal mass transfer within the particle-based pore diffusion or solid surface diffusion mechanism [9], [10], [11], [12]. One or more of these processes may be involved in the rate-determining step. Many kinetic models have been developed for predicting the performance of adsorption systems [12], [13], [14], [15], [16].
The zeta potential measurements have been applied to the study of the adsorption of cationic and anionic organic species onto glass. When a cationic species is adsorbed onto glass, the zeta potential is reversed from the negative value intrinsic to the glass surface to a positive value. Adsorption of an anionic species, however, increases the negative zeta potentials [17]. In a previous study, it was shown that a modified glass surface exhibits high adsorption capacity for safranin O, a cationic (basic) dye [18]. One of the current research focuses, however, is the removal of acid dyes from colored effluents using a variety of adsorbents. This focus is due to the fact that these dyes are commonly found in aqueous effluent arising from the printing plants of textile industries [19], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24]. Fine particles of glass can be well dispersed in aqueous solution, and the chemical structure of glass (which contains both SiO2 and Al2O3) suggest that GP will demonstrate high adsorption affinity for acid dyes. In this study, we have used CA as a model molecule for acid dyes in oder to study adsorption onto glass powder.
Section snippets
Adsorbate specifications
Carminic acid (Fig. 1) is an acid anthraquinone dye (7-C-α-glucopyranosyl-3,5,6,8-tetrahydroxy-1-methyl-2-anthraquinone carboxylic acid, C.I. 75470, Natural Red 4). It was purchased from Sigma (90% pure) and used as received.
Adsorbent specifications
The glass sample employed as adsorbent has the following chemical composition by weight: SiO2, 72.5%; Al2O3, 1.2%; Fe2O3, 0.37%; TiO2, 0.173%; CaO, 7.82%; MgO, 3.96%; Na2O, 13.64%; and K2O, 0.26%.
We have determined the pHpzc for GP to be 3.97 by a potentiometric titration
Adsorption kinetics
The effect of contact time on the amount of dye adsorbed is presented in Fig. 3 for various initial concentrations of CA. The adsorbed fraction was found to decrease while the total amount of adsorbed dye increased with increasing initial concentrations of CA. Similar results for the extent of removal of dyes from solution have been reported in the literature [25]. This behavior is attributed to the fact that there are reductions in immediate solute adsorption due to the lack of enough
Conclusions
The experimental results described here show that GP has a potential for the removal of acid dyes from colored effluents. Although it is beyond the scope of this study, GP also holds promise for use in pigment preparation. Kinetic results showed that both film- and particle-diffusion are effective adsorption mechanisms. Both of the Freundlich and Langmuir isotherms gave good agreement with the experimental equilibrium data for the adsorption of dye onto glass. The kinetic and equilibrium data
Acknowledgements
This work supported by Research Fund of the University of Istanbul, Projects B-647/17072000.
References (33)
- et al.
Adsorption of dyes on nanosize modified silica particles
J. Coll. Interf. Sci.
(1997) - et al.
Polarographic studies of non-ions surfactants with reference their structural influence on surface activity
Coll. Surf. A
(1996) - et al.
Adsorption of safranine-O on hydrophilic and hydrophobic glass surfaces
Coll. Surf. A
(1998) - et al.
Removal of congo red from wastewater onto waste red mud
Chemosphere
(1997) - et al.
Adsorption of dyes from aqueous solution—the effect of adsorbent pore size distribution and dye aggregation
Chem. Eng. J.
(2001) - et al.
Dye removal using low cost adsorbents
Wat. Sci. Tech.
(1997) - et al.
Adsorption characteristics of dye onto sludge particles
J. Coll. Interf. Sci.
(1998) - et al.
The sorption of several tye dyes ofn crosslinked polysaccharides derivatives
Dyes and Pigments
(2002) - et al.
Fixed bed adsorption of acid dyes onto activated carbon
Environ. Pollut.
(1998) - et al.
Kinetics and mechanism of removal of methylene blue by adsorption of various carbons—a comperative study
Dyes and Pigments
(2001)
Adsorption of styril pyridinium dyes on silica gel
J. Coll. Interf. Sci.
Activation parameters for kinetics of protein adsorption
J. Coll. Interf. Sci.
Surface properties of red mud by potentiometric method
J. Coll. Interf. Sci.
Interaction of exchange reactions of clay minerals and non-clay layer compounds
Coll. Polym. Sci.
Separation and recovery of food coloring dyes using aqueous biphasic extraction chromatographic resins
J. Chromatogr. B
Electrochemical investigations on the analysis of reactive dyes with monoazoquinone and monoanthraquinone structures
Fresenius’ J. Anal. Chem.
Cited by (37)
Prunus mahaleb shell as a sustainable bioresource for carminic acid removal from aqueous solution: Experimental and theoretical studies
2023, Journal of Molecular StructureCitation Excerpt :They can affect photosynthetic activity as they reduce sunlight transmission and can be toxic to aquatic life due to metals and aromatics [5]. Carminic acid (E120) is an anionic and anthraquinone-based organic food dye obtained from the cochineal bugs [6,7]. It is widely used in textile, cosmetics, printing, food industry, medical and pharmaceutical applications [8].
Adsorption performance of calcined copper-aluminum layered double hydroxides/CNT/PVDF composite films toward removal of carminic acid
2021, Journal of Molecular LiquidsCitation Excerpt :CA is an anionic, anthraquinone-based food dye that is relatively water soluble. Although CA indicated low acute oral toxicity for animal species [11] that use model compounds for studying the separation of organic chemicals [12]. The prospective challenges are investigating the appropriate solution between various techniques for their effective elimination [13,14].
Bacteria immobilization on neem leaves/MnFe<inf>2</inf>O<inf>4</inf> composite surface for removal of As(III) and As(V) from wastewater
2019, Arabian Journal of ChemistryGrafting of aniline derivatives onto chitosan and their applications for removal of reactive dyes from industrial effluents
2017, International Journal of Biological MacromoleculesCitation Excerpt :As seen in this table, according to correlation coefficients the adsorption of dyes onto CS-g-PANIs samples is effectively described by the pseudo-second order equation and the overall processes appears to be controlled by chemisorptions. Thus, the rate-limiting step may be the adsorption mechanism but not the mass transport [12,49]. According to structure and nature of adsorbents, it is expected that in basic solutions the PANIs segments converted to undoped forms (emeraldine base) through acid–base chemistry.
Study of the kinetics of arsenic removal from wastewater using Bacillus arsenicus biofilms supported on a Neem leaves/MnFe<inf>2</inf>O<inf>4</inf> composite
2016, Ecological EngineeringCitation Excerpt :Also the values of kM2 are smaller than the values of kM1 for both As(III) and As(V). So the attained values of kM2 were proof of a pore diffusion mechanism in the second stage of the biosorption/bioaccumulation (Atun and Hisarli, 2003). The presence of two straight lines for both As(III) and As(V) specified that two processes i.e. film diffusion and pore diffusion had intricate in these processes.