Immunogold localization of a disease resistance response protein in Pisum sativum endocarp cells

doi:10.1016/S0885-5765(05)80091-8

Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology

Volume 44, Issue 1, January 1994, Pages 9-17

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0885-5765(05)80091-8 Get rights and content

Disease resistance in pea (Pisum sativum L. cv. Alcan) tissue inoculated with macroconidia of the incompatible fungal pathogen Fusarium solani f.sp. phaseoli is correlated with increased levels of mitochondrial DNA (mRNA) homologous to cloned disease resistance response (DRR) 49 gene sequences. Antiserum developed against a fusion protein containing segments of the native DRR 49 was used to study spatial and temporal localization of the protein in the inner parenchyma layers of immature pods inoculated with either F. solani f. sp. phaseoli or the compatible f. sp. pisi. The protein corresponding to DRR 49 was localized primarily in the nucleus in all treatments.

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Cited by (6)

Low level DNA damage occurs as PAMPs, chitin and flg22, activates PR genes, and increases pisatin and disease resistance in pea endocarp tissue
2015, New Negatives in Plant Science
Citation Excerpt :
Although the receptor for flg22 in Arabidopsis has been characterized [11], to date no pea PRR or receptor protein has been reported for chitin. Primers were constructed (Table 1) to detect the activation of early expressed PR genes [16] coding for an array of functions: DRR206 codes for an enzyme associated with a secondary pathway toward (lignan) production and a gene that has been established as resistance-conferring trait [28]; DRR230 codes for a pea defensin [29], with defined antimicrobial activity [18]; DRR49 (PR-10) codes for a product that enters the nucleus [30] and is a putative RNase. DRR49 trans-genetically confers resistance in potato to early blight [31].
Scientific efforts directed toward improving the defense of plants to pathogens are dependent on knowing how the defense responses are signaled. In general a given plant can resist essentially all challenging pathogens except for the true pathogens which have developed means to suppress or evade the plant's “non-host” resistance response. Thus understanding the signaling of this potent level of immunity is paramount.
The initiation of transcription of defense genes associated with non-host resistance responses in plants has been hypothesized both as the direct targeting of DNA (chromatin) and as an indirect activation of transcription factors following a PAMP (effector)/PRR (receptor) recognition. Documentation exists for both routes and this report evaluates two PAMPs in the pea endocarp system in which DNA damage has been proposed to directly initiate defense gene transcription. The induction of immune responses resulting from direct effects on chromatin has not received the attention warranted. To account for flexibility in initiating transcription of defense genes, the plant must be responsive to challenges by every organism and all biological elicitors. The PAMP/PRR hypothesis is visualized as families of pattern recognition receptor proteins localized mainly in the cell membrane that become bound with effectors thereby cascading a signal to specified transcription factors. Direct challenges from nuclear penetrating elicitors in the pea non-host resistance system are visualized as causing an unlimited diversity of structural changes to chromosomal regions in the vicinity of plant non-host defense genes and subsequently enhancing their transcription. This report further evaluates the action of candidate PAMPs; flg22 from bacteria and chitin from fungi, in signaling the non-host resistance response of peas.
The results indicate that these PAMPs only marginally elicit pisatin production compared with challenges containing intact fungal spore suspensions. High external conc. of the PAMPs activated both a set of PR (pathogeneses-related) genes and developed cytological-detectable disease resistance against a true pea pathogen. The failure of lower concentrations of chitinous treatments to activate cytological detectable disease resistance, PR gene induction or pisatin accumulations suggests the existence of additional signaling routes to the non-host disease resistance generated by intact fungal spores. DNA damage to the pea DNA was detected indicating direct effects from PAMPs on the chromatin occur. Only high concentration levels of these PAMPs appear to have the potential to constitute a portion of those signals generating responses in peas against the vast arsenals of microbes in nature.
Localization predictions for gene products involved in non-host resistance responses in a model plant/fungal pathogen interaction
2009, Plant Science
The technologies for researching the interactions between plants and pathogens have evolved through small molecule extractions, enzyme analyses, gene cloning, mutational genetics, anti-sera-specific labeling, and beyond. This position paper demonstrates the use of primarily two predictive programs (SignalP and LOCtree) of the more than 24 existing computer programs, in deriving useful information from the N-terminal or total sequences of both host and pathogen gene products. The genes selected are known to be of importance in a non-host resistance model. In this model, pea is the non-host and expresses resistance to an “inappropriate” pathogen, a pathogen of bean. The usefulness of this technology increases as more sequences are known and the programs are re-defined. The predictive programs are not infallible, but are a useful supplement to other localization determinations. They can also uncover some unforeseen functions or properties of gene products related to their inherent potential for secretion or cellular localization. A selected sampling of gene products involved in race-specific resistance was also evaluated. Some disclaimers related to the N-terminal-based prediction programs and some factors that might alter their accuracy are also discussed. A position presented herein is that there has been an over estimation of the communication barriers observed cytologically and an under appreciation for how the inherent sequences of the protein product of a gene can determine its ultimate destination.
Transcriptome analysis reveals a complex interplay between resistance and effector genes during the compatible lentil-Colletotrichum lentis interaction
2017, Scientific Reports
Anatomy of a nonhost disease resistance response of pea to Fusarium solani: PR gene elicitation via DNase, chitosan and chromatin alterations
2015, Frontiers in Plant Science
EDTA a novel inducer of pisatin, a phytoalexin indicator of the non-host resistance in peas
2015, Molecules
Cloning and characterization of a probenazole-inducible gene for an intracellular pathogenesis-related protein in rice
1996, Plant and Cell Physiology

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Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology

References (24)

Immunogold localization of pathogenesis-related protein P14 in tomato root cells infected by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici

Physiological and Molecular Plant Pathology

Gene expression in susceptible and disease resistant interactions of peas induced with Fusarium solani pathogens and chitosan

Physiological Plant Pathology

Nuclear changes associated with the host-parasite interaction between Fusarium solani and peas

Physiological Plant Pathology

Electrophoretic patterns of pea and Fusarium solani proteins synthesized in vitro or in vivo which characterize the compatible and incompatible interactions

Physiological Plant Pathology

Cytoplasmic anchoring proteins and the control of nuclear localization

Cell

Comparison of mRNA populations coding for phenylalanine ammonia lyase and other peptides from pea tissue treated with biotic and abiotic phytoalexin inducers

Physiological Plant Pathology

Subcellular localization of chitinase and of its potential substrate in tomato root tissues infected by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. radicis-lycopersici

Plant Physiology

The gene coding for the major birch pollen allergen BetvI is highly homologous to a pea disease resistance response gene

The EMBO Journal

Cloning and characterization of a disease resistance response gene in pea inducible by Fusarium solani

Molecular Plant-Microbe Interactions

Fixation, Dehydration and Embedding of Biologicol Specimens

Differential morphometric values induced in golgi apparatus of higher plant cells by aldehyde and permanganate fixation

Journal of Electron Microscopy Technique

Chitosan as a component of pea-Fusarium solani interactions

Plant Physiology

Cited by (6)

Low level DNA damage occurs as PAMPs, chitin and flg22, activates PR genes, and increases pisatin and disease resistance in pea endocarp tissue

Localization predictions for gene products involved in non-host resistance responses in a model plant/fungal pathogen interaction

Transcriptome analysis reveals a complex interplay between resistance and effector genes during the compatible lentil-Colletotrichum lentis interaction

Anatomy of a nonhost disease resistance response of pea to Fusarium solani: PR gene elicitation via DNase, chitosan and chromatin alterations

EDTA a novel inducer of pisatin, a phytoalexin indicator of the non-host resistance in peas

Cloning and characterization of a probenazole-inducible gene for an intracellular pathogenesis-related protein in rice