Neighborhood effects in auditory word recognition: Phonological competition and orthographic facilitation
Section snippets
Participants
Thirty-two undergraduate psychology students at the University of Provence participated in the study for course credit. All were native French speakers, with no reported history of speech or hearing disorders.
Stimuli and design
The experimental design resulted from an orthogonal manipulation of ON (small vs. large) and PN (small vs. large). PN is typically assessed by counting the number of words that can be obtained by changing, adding, or deleting a single phoneme (e.g., Luce & Pisoni, 1998). On the other hand,
Experiment 2
The finding that structural density can produce both facilitation and inhibition has been reported previously (e.g., Metsala, 1997; Pitt & Samuel, 1995; Storkel & Morisette, 2002). Most prominently, Vitevitch and Luce, 1998, Vitevitch and Luce, 1999 observed that neighborhood density had a facilitatory effect on nonword processing but an inhibitory effect on word processing. They explained this duality with the fact that neighborhood density is highly correlated with phonotactic probability, a
Experiments 3A and 3B
The aim of the present experiment was to find out whether the ON effect would persist in a task, in which a read-out mechanism based on global orthographic activation was unlikely to operate. Thus, we replicated Experiments 1 and 2 using a shadowing task. In a shadowing task, participants are simply asked to name aloud a previously presented target word. Finding an ON effect in the shadowing task would not only put the task-specific strategy explanation to rest but it would also support the
General discussion
In the present article, we investigated the role of orthographic and phonological neighbors in auditory lexical decision and shadowing tasks. The lexical decision results of Experiment 1 show inhibition of PN and facilitation of ON. That is, phonological neighbors hurt whereas orthographic neighbors help spoken word recognition. Because previous experiments found facilitatory effects in auditory word recognition due to sublexical facilitation coming from phonotactic constraints (Jusczyk et al.,
Acknowledgements
We would like to thank Marielle Lange and several anonymous reviewers for their insightful comments and suggestions. Special thank to Mike Vitevitch for his help with the computations of probabilistic phonotactics.
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2022, CortexCitation Excerpt :Thus, neighborhood density might be best conceived as a hybrid measure, with loci at lexical and sublexical levels. Specifically, while the majority of behavioral studies reported that high-density words were recognized less accurately and more slowly compared to low-density words (e.g., Goldinger, Luce, & Pisoni, 1989; Vitevitch & Luce, 1998; Vitevitch & Luce, 1999; Ziegler, Muneaux, & Grainger, 2003; see Vitevitch Luce, & 2016, for review), others like Vitevitch and Rodríguez (2005; see also Ferrand et al., 2018 for a study in French) have found that dense phonological neighborhoods produced a facilitatory rather than inhibitory effect in a lexical decision task in Spanish. Vitevitch and Rodríguez (2005) reasoned that differences in processing across English (prevailing language in most experiment) and Spanish might account for the reverse directionality of the neighborhood density effect.
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