Permselective properties of PVA-PAA blended membrane used for dehydration of fusel oil by pervaporation

doi:10.1016/S0376-7388(96)00233-5

Journal of Membrane Science

Volume 125, Issue 2, 19 March 1997, Pages 293-301

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0376-7388(96)00233-5 Get rights and content

Abstract

Dense membranes were prepared by blending poly(vinyl alcohol) with poly(acrylic acid) and tested for the dehydration by pervaporation of fusel oil, by-product issued from brazilian ethanol distilleries. For a PVA-PAA (90-10 in wt%) membrane, pure water permeation rates obtained are three times higher than those reported by Ping et al. at the same temperature. Permselective properties were determined as a function of the blend composition in order to find an optimal blend composition. Then a systematic study has been achieved on both binary water/ethanol, water/isoamylic alcohol and ternary water/ethanol/isoamylic alcohol solution, main components in fusel oil. Sorption equilibriums have shown that at a given water activity, water volume fraction was different, whereas water permeation rates could be known from the water volume fractions. The investigation of temperature effects allowed the determination of the apparent activation energies of water and ethanol, the only two permeants, and then to underscore the mutual interaction between water, alcohol and polymeric membrane.

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The throughput capacity is calculated to be 4.9 kgm−2 h−1, much higher than the reported commercial membrane PERVAP-1001 [5]. A comparison of pervaporation dehydration performance of recently reported membranes for various alcohols and fusel oil are presented in Table 2 [5,8,19,33-38]. It is seen that the vast majority of membranes documented in literature normally show inferior selectivity (usually permeate water content < 99 wt%) in ethanol dehydration than other higher alcohols, only a handful of membranes exhibit high selectivity at the expense of flux.
Recycling and utilizing fusel oil, the by-product of ethanol fermentation, is of significant importance for both environmental and economic perspective. In this study, cross-linked sulfated polyelectrolyte complex hollow fiber membranes were applied to pervaporative remove the water in fusel oil. The membranes were fabricated from chitosan and dextran sulfate sodium via the “complexation–sulfation” method followed by chemical cross-linking and surface coating. The membrane preparation condition and pervaporation operation condition were optimized to achieve satisfactory alcohol dehydration performance. Where a high flux of 1354 gm⁻² h⁻¹ and a permeate water content of 99.4 wt% in dehydrating 10 wt% ethanol/water mixture at 60 °C was achieved. Moreover, when applied in actual fusel oil dehydration, the organics content in feed can be increased from 90 to 99 wt% with high efficiency and excellent water selectivity (water content in permeate always above 98.5 wt%). This research offered an effective approach to remove water in multi-component fusel oil.
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The same salt/fusel oil ratio was used in this study to decrease the water content of fusel oil. Also, Pervaporation appeared as a suitable membrane separation method for a continuous water removal, helping to convert all the substrate [69,114,115]. Kujawski et al. [84] used Pervaporation followed by a 4 step distillation on fusel oil that contained 13–18 mass % of water content, and the result showed that the reduction in water content at the last distillation experiment was down to 1.59 mass%.
Alternative fuels are becoming important due to higher energy demands but with limited fuel supplies. Fusel oil is a by-product obtained through the fermentation of some agricultural products such as beets, cones, grains, potatoes, sweet potatoes, rice and wheat. Fusel oil can be used as a clean and high-efficiency spark ignition fuel with a reduced NO_x. The energy value of fusel oil is near to other alternative combustible types and the limited number of researches on the use of fusel oil as an alcohol derivative in spark ignition engines constitute to the base of this research. The literature relevant to fusel oil use was reviewed and summarized to demonstrate the viability of fusel oil as an alternative fuel from renewable energy source. The aim of this paper was to review the potential for the utilization of fusel oil as a candidate for an alternative fuel for spark-ignition engine, while also describing the production and utilization of fusel oil generally. The octane number and density of fusel oil present the most important properties that make fusel oil a candidate for an alternative fuel for SI fuel engines. It was observed that the octane number increased with the increase in percentage of fusel oil in the blend tests. It was also noted that when the fusel oil was used as a blend with gasoline, the engine torque was slightly increased and the volumetric efficiency and specific fuel consumption also increased. The hydro-carbon (HC) and carbon monoxide (CO) emissions were averagely increased. Furthermore, knocking and nitrogen oxides (NO_x) were observed to decrease when fusel oil was used. On the other hand, negative effects occurred in the engine performance caused by the higher water content in fusel oil.
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A major disadvantage of PVA as a membrane is its poor mechanical stability and water resistance. Thus, in realistic applications, we must modify it, and the modification of PVA membranes is one of the areas of particular interest in membrane science [5–7]. Blending is often used to change the properties of polymeric materials [8].
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Permselective properties of PVA-PAA blended membrane used for dehydration of fusel oil by pervaporation

Abstract

J. Membr. Sci.

J. Membr. Sci.

J. Membr. Sci.

J. Membr. Sci.

Fractionation of fusel oil coupling pervaporation and distillation processes

Thesis INPL