Development and interpretation of nectary organs in Ranunculaceae1
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Detaling morphological traits of Trollius europeus L. flowers, nectary structure, and holocrine nectar secretion through combined light and electron microscopy
2022, MicronCitation Excerpt :They may be cup-shaped, flat, spurred, peltate, and apeltate (Bernardello, 2007; Ren et al., 2011; Antoń and Kamińska, 2015). Nectaries can be located on different flower parts: i) on each petal base (Ranunculus) (Zhao et al., 2016; Tian and Ren, 2019), ii) on nectary leaves – modified petals (Trollius) (Ren et al., 2009), iii) in the petal spur (Aquilegia) (Erbar et al., 1999; Antoń and Kamińska, 2015), iv) on androecium-derived staminodia (Pulsatilla) (Weryszko-Chmielewska E., Sulborska A., 2011a; Erbar and Leins, 2013), and v) on carpels, where nectariferous trichomes are located on each flank (Caltha) (Smets and Cresens, 1988; Erbar and Leins, 2013). Only wind-pollinated species do not produce nectaries (Thalictrum) (Bernardello, 2007).
Petal ontogeny, structure, and pollination system of four Aquilegia species in Midwest China
2022, Flora: Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of PlantsCitation Excerpt :The long spurs of A. kansuensis and A. rockii are derived from an increase in cell number (at the early developmental stages) and cell elongation through anisotropic cell expansion (at the later developmental stages), similar to the pattern of spur expansion in North American Aquilegia species and Centranthus ruber (Valerianaceae) (Puzey et al., 2012; Mack and Davis, 2015). Elongation of the shallow sacs or short spurs of A. semicalcarata and A. ecalcarata mainly depends on continuous cell division, as in Linaria sp. (Erbar et al., 1999; Cullen et al., 2018). Moreover, given that spur length evolves from long to short among the species studied here (Fior et al., 2013), petal structures change, and nectary tissue degenerates or is even lost at the bottom of the spur.
Cell number explains the intraspecific spur-length variation in an Aquilegia species
2019, Plant DiversityCitation Excerpt :Compared with our understanding of spur length and specialized pollinator interactions (Hodges, 1997; Whittall and Hodges, 2007), we know much less about the mechanisms involved in spur length and current advances have been mainly based on interspecific comparisons of cell morphology. Early anatomical evidence suggested that nectar spurs are derived from ‘meristematic’ bulges at the base of the petal (Erbar et al., 1999; Tucker and Hodges, 2005), and recent studies suggest that spur length is driven by cell divisions combined with anisotropic cell expansion (Puzey et al., 2012; Yant et al., 2015). Specifically, changes in anisotropic cell expansion rather than cell number have been shown to explain spur length diversity in Pelargonium, Gilia, Saltugilia and Centranthus (Tsai et al., 2018; Landis et al., 2016; Mack and Davis, 2015); a similar pattern may explain spur length diversity in the four Aquilegia species (Puzey et al., 2012).
Morphology, structure and ultrastructure of staminal nectary in Lamprocapnos (Fumarioideae, Papaveraceae)
2018, Flora: Morphology, Distribution, Functional Ecology of PlantsCitation Excerpt :The outer staminodes of androecia have become converted to pollinator attraction functions (Ronse De Craene and Smets, 2001). Some families in Ranunculales possess short, spatulate, bilobed staminodes (petals) with open nectary at their apex, whereas others have the nectaries on fertile androecia with nectariferous tissues on the outgrowth or surface of filament (Kratochwil, 1988; Erbar et al., 1999; Bernardello, 2007; Erbar and Leins, 2010, 2013; Zhao et al., 2011, 2016; Weryszko-Chmielewska and Sulborska, 2011). In Ranunculaceae, nectaries are observed on staminodes or fertile stamens.
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Dedicated to Prof. Dr. Werner Rauh on the occasion of his 85th birthday (May 16, 1998).