Original ArticlesFour-Hydroxynonenal, a Product of Lipid Peroxidation, is Increased in the Brain in Alzheimer’s Disease
Section snippets
Method
Brain specimens used in this study were removed at autopsy from 16 AD (9 women, 7 men) and 16 control (11 women, 5 men) subjects. The mean age was 79.6 ± 0.9 years for AD patients and 83.9 ± 1.8 years for control subjects. The mean postmortem interval was 2.51 ± 0.18 h for AD subjects and 2.54 ± 0.18 h for control subjects. All AD patients had progressive intellectual decline and met the NINDS-ADRDA Workgroup criteria [20]for the clinical diagnosis of probable AD. For the histopathologic
Results
Analyses of propanal, butanal, pentanal, and hexanal yielded no significant differences between AD and age-matched control subjects (data not shown). The results of mean free HNE are summarized in Fig. 1. The number of specimens for the different regions varied. Elevated mean concentrations of free HNE were found in all brain regions in AD compared with controls. These mean elevations reached statistical significance in the amygdala in AD (0.486 ± 0.096 nmol/mg) compared with controls (0.193 ±
Discussion
Using short postmortem interval autopsy brain specimens, this is the first study showing an increase in the concentration of free HNE in the brain in AD compared with age-matched normal control subjects. Although the increases reached statistical significance only in the amygdala and hippocampus and parahippocampal gyrus, there was a trend toward higher levels in the other brain regions studied in AD. There were considerable variations in the mean levels of free HNE in brain regions studied,
Acknowledgements
The authors thank Drs. Daron Davis and David Wekstein for patient and ventricular fluid procurement, and Don Rightmyer, Paula Thomason, Cecil Runyons, and Brian Hallahan for technical assistance. This work was supported by the National Institute of Health Grants 1-P01-AG05119 and 5-P50-AG05144 and a grant from the Abercrombie Foundation.
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