Elsevier

Medicina Clínica

Volume 127, Issue 15, October 2006, Pages 576-579
Medicina Clínica

Nota clínica
Osteonecrosis del maxilar en pacientes con mieloma múltiple durante y después del tratamiento con ácido zoledrónicoOsteonecrosis of the jaw in patients with multiple myeloma during and after treatment with zoledronic acid

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-7753(06)72338-7Get rights and content

Fundamento y objetivo

Analizar la incidencia, las características clínicas y los factores precipitantes de la osteonecrosis del maxilar (ONM) en pacientes con mieloma múltiple (MM) tratados con ácido zoledrónico.

Pacientes y método

Se incluyó en el estudio a 64 pacientes diagnosticados de MM y tratados con ácido zoledrónico entre agosto de 1996 y marzo de 2006. Se recogieron sus datos demográficos,factores de riesgo, tratamiento oncológico y las infusiones de bifosfonatos. En los 7 casos de ONM se describen los datos clínicos, exploratorios, métodos diagnósticos y tratamientos empleados.

Resultados

La incidencia de ONM fue del 10,93%. El antecedente de cirugía dental se asoció con la ONM (p < 0,0001). La media (desviación estándar) de infusiones de ácido zoledrónico fue de 30 (7,04) en los 7 pacientes con ONM, frente a 19,5 (11,8) en los 57 restantes (p = 0,03). El riesgo de ONM aumentó del 6,7% tras 20 tratamientos con ácido zoledrónico al 31,7% después de 36 infusiones. Tres pacientes presentaron ONM meses después de retirar el fármaco.

Conclusiones

El tratamiento a largo plazo con ácido zoledrónico en pacientes con MM sometidos a cirugía oral parece asociarse al desarrollo de ONM. El efecto óseo duradero del bifosfonato podría explicar la aparición de la ONM meses después de retirar el bifosfonato.

Background and objective

To analyze the incidence, the clinical features, and the factors associated with the development of osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ) in patients with multiple myeloma (MM) treated with zoledronic acid.

Patients and method

Sixty-four patients diagnosed with MM and treated with zoledronic acid between August 1996 and March 2006 were included. Demographic data, predisposing factors,the type of antineoplastic therapy received and the infusions of biphosphonate were recorded.The main characteristics of the seven patients with ONJ, including clinical and physical examinations data, diagnostic methods and treatment established were reported.

Results

The overall incidence of ONJ was 7 out of 64 patients (10.93%). A recent oral surgical procedure has been associated with the ONJ (p < 0.0001). The mean of infusions of zoledronic acid before onset of osteonecrosis (standard deviation) was 30 (7.04) in contrast to 19.5 (11.8) cycles (p = 0.03) in the patients who did not present this complication. The cumulative risk increased from 6.7% after 20 treatments with zoledronic acid up to 31.7% at 36 infusions. Three patients exhibited ONJ after discontinuing zoledronic acid.

Conclusions

The ONJ in patients with MM who underwent dental or oral surgery appears to be associated with long term exposure to zoledronic acid. The long-lasting bone effect of biphosphonate could explain the appearance of osteonecrotic lesions after discontinuing treatment with biphosphonate.

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