The gut cytokine balance as a target of lead toxicity

doi:10.1016/S0024-3205(99)00172-1

Life Sciences

Volume 64, Issue 24, 7 May 1999, Pages 2207-2214

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0024-3205(99)00172-1 Get rights and content

Abstract

The impact of exposure to lead on gut cytokine gene expression and oral tolerance was analyzed. Oral tolerization with ovalbumin (OVA) increased levels of IL-10 and TGF-β in gut tissue while IFN-γ mRNA levels remained unchanged in both autoimmune diabetes prone NOD and normal C57BL/6 mice. This shift towards Th2/Th3 type cytokine gene expression was completely abolished by concomitant treatment with PbCl₂ (6 × 0.5 mg/kg) in NOD mice while the cytokine balance in C57BL/6 mice was unaffected. Suppression of Th2/Th3 type cytokine expression was associated with a dampened oral tolerance response to OVA as determined by T cell proliferation assays. We conclude that in autoimmunity prone NOD mice environmental toxicants may disturb immune homeostasis by targeting the gut immune system.

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Citation Excerpt :
Goebel et al. believed that Pb might disrupt immune homeostasis by targeting the intestinal immune system in NOD mice. Probiotics have been reported to reverse the changes in the intestinal immune system, thereby alleviating Pb toxicity (Goebel, Kirchhoff, Wasmuth, Floh, & S., Elliott, R.B., Kolb, H. , 1999). The supplementation of L. reuteri P16 also reversed the changes in the gut microbiota in Pb-exposed fish (Giri et al., 2018), indicating a protective effect of probiotics against Pb-induced gut microbiota disorders.
Recently, a bidirectional relationship between dietary lead (Pb) exposure and gut changes has been identified. Pb causes gut dysbacteriosis and destroys gut physiological homeostasis, causing a series of oxidative stress, immune-inflammatory reactions and increased permeability of the intestinal barrier. Pb-induced gut dysbiosis and physiological disorders are related to impairments in nutrient absorption, essential element homeostasis, lipid metabolism, and nervous system, which can in turn influence Pb transport and metabolism. Dietary supplements such as probiotics, prebiotics, minerals, and antioxidants could be a potential strategy to alleviate Pb toxicity. They can protect the gut barrier, promote Pb discharge, and regulate oxidative stress and essential metal levels, which likely depend on the gut microbiota. Thus, dietary supplements, especially probiotics and prebiotics, are a new and safe strategy to prevent and alleviate Pb poisoning in the future.
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The gut cytokine balance as a target of lead toxicity

Abstract

Cell. Immunol.

Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.

Cell

Immunol. today

Immunol. today

Immunol. Today

Immunol. today

Toxicol. Appl. Pharmacol.

Cell. Immunol.

Toxicol. Sci.

Cell. Immunol.

Brain Res.

Environ. Health Perspect.

J. Biochem. Toxicol.

Toxicol. Environ. Health

Crit. Rev. Immunol.

Biol. Pharm. Bull.