Clinical investigation: acute ischemic heart disease
Red wine's antioxidants counteract acute endothelial dysfunction caused by cigarette smoking in healthy nonsmokers

https://doi.org/10.1016/S0002-8703(03)00468-XGet rights and content

Abstract

Background

Long-term smoking is believed to cause endothelial dysfunction via increased oxidative stress, whereas short-term smoking impairs vasodilatation through an as yet undefined mechanism. However, red wine and its constituents have a powerful antioxidant effect both in long-term and acute consumption. The aim of the current study was to investigate whether red wine, with or without alcohol, influences endothelial dysfunction induced by acute cigarette smoking.

Methods

Sixteen healthy volunteers (8 males and 8 females) were recruited for a double-blind, crossover study, comprising 3 study days. Each subject smoked 1 cigarette, or smoked and drank 250 mL of red wine, or smoked and drank 250 mL of dealcoholized red wine. Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD) was measured after fasting and 15, 30, 60, and 90 minutes after each trial (smoke or smoke and drink either beverage).

Results

Acute smoking of 1 cigarette caused a reduction in FMD (P < .001), which was statistically significant 15, 30, and 60 minutes after the inhalation of smoke compared to baseline levels (P < .001, P < .001, P = .043, respectively). However, simultaneous ingestion of either red wine or dealcoholized red wine with smoking did not lead to a change in FMD.

Conclusions

Acute smoking caused a significant impairment in endothelial function. Simultaneous consumption of red wine or dealcoholized red wine with smoking decreased smoke's harmful effect on endothelium.

Section snippets

Subjects

Sixteen healthy volunteers (8 males and 8 females) were recruited for the study. Their average age was 28.9 ± 6.5 years (mean ± SD) and their body mass index (BMI) was 23.4 ± 3.2kg/m2. Inclusion criteria for recruitment of the volunteers were normal blood pressure (<140/90 mm Hg), no history of diabetes mellitus, BMI between 20 and 27 kg/m2, no family history of coronary artery disease (CAD), absence of liver and endocrine diseases, and cholesterol levels <240 mg/dL. The subjects were all

Results

All 16 subjects completed the study protocol according to the schedule.

Both phenol content (658 μg/100 mL of caffeic acid vs 650 μg/100mL of caffeic acid, respectively) and the types of phenolic substances were similar in both beverages, which indicates that the dealcoholization process did not affect the concentration of the wine's constituents.

Baseline artery diameter, FMD, and flow at rest were not significantly different among the 3 study days (Table I). In addition, the increases in flow

Discussion

In the current study, smoking a cigarette caused significant impairment of endothelial function in healthy nonsmokers, which continued for the following 60 minutes—a phenomenon already described in previous studies.12, 13 However, simultaneous consumption of regular or dealcoholized red wine with smoking decreased the smoke's harmful effect, at least partly through attenuation of the effect of smoking on FMD.

Several in vivo2, 7, 8, 23 as well as in vitro studies5, 6 suggested elevation of

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