Clinical investigation: acute ischemic heart diseaseRed wine's antioxidants counteract acute endothelial dysfunction caused by cigarette smoking in healthy nonsmokers
Section snippets
Subjects
Sixteen healthy volunteers (8 males and 8 females) were recruited for the study. Their average age was 28.9 ± 6.5 years (mean ± SD) and their body mass index (BMI) was 23.4 ± 3.2kg/m2. Inclusion criteria for recruitment of the volunteers were normal blood pressure (<140/90 mm Hg), no history of diabetes mellitus, BMI between 20 and 27 kg/m2, no family history of coronary artery disease (CAD), absence of liver and endocrine diseases, and cholesterol levels <240 mg/dL. The subjects were all
Results
All 16 subjects completed the study protocol according to the schedule.
Both phenol content (658 μg/100 mL of caffeic acid vs 650 μg/100mL of caffeic acid, respectively) and the types of phenolic substances were similar in both beverages, which indicates that the dealcoholization process did not affect the concentration of the wine's constituents.
Baseline artery diameter, FMD, and flow at rest were not significantly different among the 3 study days (Table I). In addition, the increases in flow
Discussion
In the current study, smoking a cigarette caused significant impairment of endothelial function in healthy nonsmokers, which continued for the following 60 minutes—a phenomenon already described in previous studies.12, 13 However, simultaneous consumption of regular or dealcoholized red wine with smoking decreased the smoke's harmful effect, at least partly through attenuation of the effect of smoking on FMD.
Several in vivo2, 7, 8, 23 as well as in vitro studies5, 6 suggested elevation of
References (33)
Update on the role of cigarette smoking in coronary artery disease
Am Heart J
(1981)- et al.
Oral vitamin C and endothelial function in smokersshort-term improvement, bur no sustained beneficial effect
J Am Coll Cardiol
(2000) - et al.
Effect of acute cigarette smoking on endothelium-dependent brachial artery dilatation in healthy individuals
Am J Cardiol
(1997) - et al.
Effects of acute cigarette smoking on endothelium dependent arterial dilatation in normal subjects
Am J Cardiol
(1998) - et al.
Effect of ingestion of purple grape juice on endothelial function in patients with coronary heart disease
Am J Cardiol
(2001) Noninvasive detection of endothelial dysfunction in children and adults at risk of atherosclerosis
Lancet
(1992)Guidelines for the ultrasound assessment of endothelial-dependent flow-medeated vasodilation of the brachial artery
J Am Coll Cardiol
(2002)- et al.
Contribution of nicotine to acute endothelial dysfunction in long-term smokers
J Am Coll Cardiol
(2002) - et al.
Effects of vitamin E on chronic and acute endothelial dysfunction in smokers
J Am Coll Cardiol
(2000) - et al.
A single high dose of vitamin C counteracts the acute negative effect on microcirculation induced by smoking a cigarette
Microvasc Res
(1999)