Holy basil/tulsi (Ocimum tenuiflorum/sanctum) is an adaptogen with medicinal benefits originating from its leaves rather than its roots. It may be beneficial for gingivitis, dental plaque, hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, obesity, anxiety, stress, cognitive performance, immune function, and viral encephalitis. Studies have demonstrated antioxidant, antiinflammatory, immunomodulatory, hepatoprotective, radioprotective, antimicrobial, anticonvulsant, antidiabetic, and anticancer effects of holy basil. In addition, holy basil has been shown to have a hepatic membrane stabilizing effect that prevents toxin-induced liver damage. This chapter examines some of the scientific research conducted on holy basil, both alone and in combination formulas, for treating numerous health conditions. It summarizes results from several human studies of holy basil’s use in treating oral and dental, cardiometabolic, psychiatric, immune, and infectious disorders. Finally, the chapter presents a list of holy basil’s active constituents, different Commonly Used Preparations and Dosage, and a section on “Safety and Precaution” that examines side effects, toxicity, and disease and drug interactions.
