Chapter 20 - Immune-mediated disorders
Section snippets
Acute cerebellitis
Acute cerebellitis is a rare pancerebellar syndrome that typically occurs in children. Most common presenting symptoms are headache, vomiting, dysmetria, and truncal ataxia (De Bruecker et al., 2004, Desai and Mitchell, 2012). Severe cases of cerebellitis may be fulminant and deaths resulting from marked cerebellar swelling and herniation have been reported. The disease is believed to be an infectious, postinfectious, or postvaccination disorder and has been variously attributed to
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Cited by (21)
Brain on fire: an imaging-based review of autoimmune encephalitis
2022, Clinical ImagingCitation Excerpt :Removal of the antibody typically results in recovery of receptor location or function; therefore, autoimmune encephalitis with cell surface antigens has a significantly better prognosis. Up to 80% of patients show significant improvement after therapy, albeit often with a prolonged recovery course.2,3,6,10 Association with malignancy in this group is variable, and a wider age range of patients, including children and young adults, may be affected.
Paraneoplastic and autoimmune encephalitis: Alterations of mood and emotion
2021, Handbook of Clinical NeurologyCitation Excerpt :There are many other antibodies that are directed against receptors and cell surface antigens, including glycine receptors, GABAA receptors, metabotropic glutamate5 receptors, dopamine D2 receptors, and dipeptidyl peptidase-like-6. Although they may also be associated with some neuropsychiatric symptoms (Dalmau et al., 2017; Hara et al., 2017; Höftberger and Lassmann, 2017; Oldham, 2017), their presence is generally associated with marked elemental neurological deficits or alterations in level of consciousness that result in patients rapidly undergoing neurological assessment (Bost et al., 2016). The paraneoplastic antibodies anti-Hu and anti-Ma2, respectively, associated with small cell lung carcinoma and testicular seminoma target intracellular antigens and mediate cell death via activation of T-cell immunological responses (Bernal et al., 2002; Bien et al., 2012; Lancaster and Dalmau, 2012).
Paraneoplastic neurological syndromes
2019, Seminars in Diagnostic PathologyCitation Excerpt :Typically, the onset of the neurological disorder precedes the detection of the underlying malignancy, and the correct recognition of a PNS may be critical for the early diagnosis of cancer. Although PNS can occur with any type of tumours, the most frequently associated malignancies include small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), ovarian and breast cancer, neuroendocrine tumours, thymoma and lymphoma.1 This review focuses on the immunopathogenesis of PNS, along with their most relevant clinical findings, taking into account the latest advancements in the field.
Multiple sclerosis: 2023 update
2023, Free NeuropathologyAcute Cerebellar Inflammation and Related Ataxia: Mechanisms and Pathophysiology
2022, Brain Sciences