Treatment: New Drugs

doi:10.1016/B978-0-12-801238-3.65344-8

Reference Module in Biomedical Sciences

Encyclopedia of Endocrine Diseases (Second Edition)

Volume 1, 2019, Pages 464-472

https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-801238-3.65344-8 Get rights and content

Abstract

Obesity, a dramatic worldwide medical burden, is a risk factor for the development of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes mellitus and furthermore is also associated with an elevated risk of cardiovascular mortality. Lifestyle modifications are not always sufficient to limit body weight excess; thus, safe and effective antiobesity drugs are urgently needed to help clinicians treat patients with efficacy; particularly, for those patients who do not meet eligibility criteria for bariatric surgery. This article will focus mainly on United States and Europe approved antiobesity drugs critically discussing their efficacy and emphasizing their safety profile. In detail, clinical trial data generated to obtain approval from agencies will be presented. It is, however, important to keep in mind that not always these types of clinical trials provide strict guidance for clinicians.

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Cited by (3)

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Orlistat, an approved anti-obesity agent, has gastric and lipase-inhibiting properties. Along with anti-obesity properties, they have severe adverse effects (Garelli et al., 2019). Other allopathic drugs like sibutramine, phentermine (Bays et al., 2022; Georgescu et al., 2021), etc., are used to manage obesity, but due to their unadorned adverse effect noticeably found in primary usage.
The current widespread obesity is aggravated globally which leads to life-threatening health hazards by causing substantial morbidity and mortality, negatively impacting both men and women. The etiology of obesity is doubtful and have multiple factors, having many comorbidities such as cardiac disorders, type 2 diabetes, tumor, etc. There are numerous traditional medications and therapeutical approaches available for the management of obesity. Despite that, most allopathic anti-obesity medications are accompanied by serious adverse effects and enduring consequences that limit their clinical applications. Concerning the current scenario, the booming jeopardy of obesity to worldwide well-being has triggered researchers to assiduously plan and advance well-organized and harmless anti-obesity drugs. As an outcome, the investigation into substitute obesity therapeutics based on naturally occurring compounds present in dietary supplements and herbal medicinal plants has seen a snowballing trend over the current years, flagging the way for the planned strategy and advancement of novel natural product-based drug delivery as a new model in upcoming obesity management. In this review, we have discussed the therapeutic role of gallic acid (a phenolic phytoconstituent) in the management of obesity. Also, particularized on the anti-oxidant, anti-inflammatory modulator, anti-adipogenic effect, and apoptosis action underlying the anti-obesity action of gallic acid.
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Its effect on weight loss was noted in clinical trials for seizures.59 The exact mechanism of action of topiramate is unknown, but reduced energy consumption through modulation of gamma-aminobutyric acid receptors in relevant CNS structures may be involved.60,61 In animals, topiramate is known to reduce energy intake, an effect that is also observed in humans.62,63
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