Functionalization of self-assembling peptides for neural tissue engineering

doi:10.1016/B978-0-08-102015-9.00023-X

Self-assembling Biomaterials

Molecular Design, Characterization and Application in Biology and Medicine

Woodhead Publishing Series in Biomaterials

2018, Pages 475-493

https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-08-102015-9.00023-X Get rights and content

Abstract

It has become increasingly accepted that biomimetic bioabsorbable biomaterials are pivotal for improving neural tissue engineering. In this context, self-assembling peptides (SAPs) provide a versatile platform for multiple functionalizations targeting specific regenerative therapies. While the SAP synthesis process is suited for multiple functionalizations, the integration of functional motifs into SAPs needs to be carefully considered for not impairing self-assembly and ensuring proper exposure of functional motifs for optimal interactions with cells and tissues. Also, solubility and mechanical properties may be significantly altered. Data from molecular modeling, screening of functional motif libraries, in vitro tests and biomechanic studies can provide insightful information to design SAP scaffolds to promote functional nervous regeneration. Potential outcomes of this endeavor will be the setup of synthetic nervous organoids, of effective neural stem-cell carriers for transplants and feasible bioprostheses for the regeneration of nervous injuries.

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Citation Excerpt :
The complex interactions between these specific cues and cells impact their gene expression, phenotype, and eventual fate [48]. In this study, we proposed to conjugate the functional epitope introduced by Gelain et al. [18,49] (FAQRVPP) with a self-assembling PAs (EEEGGGAAAAK(C16)). This new epitope has a bulkier structure compared with the well-known epitope IKVAV.
Amphiphilic alkyl-peptides as novel biomaterials form 3D scaffolds that are applicable in tissue engineering. Here, the nanofibre formation capability of a distinct alkyl-peptide was investigated using coarse-grained molecular dynamics simulation (CGMD) and experimental methods. The alkyl-peptide (Ace-FAQRVPPEEEGGGAAAAK-Nhe(C16)) was functionalized with a peptide epitope (FAQRVPPP) which can help to maintenance and differentiation of neural stem cells. Two alkyl-peptide systems were investigated: the all-functionalized system (with only bioactive alkyl-peptides) and the distributed system (a combination of bioactive and non-bioactive alkyl-peptides with ratio 1:2). The CGMD and TEM results confirm elongated nanofibres for all-functionalized system and cylindrical nanofibres for the distributed one. Furthermore, PC12 cells show a reliable growth on both 2D alkyl-peptides coated surfaces. Because of the nanofibres negative surface charges, the cell morphologies show clustered form in the distributed system and rounded shape in the all-functionalized one. Since the stem cell state preserves in cluster form, the physicochemical property of these nanofibres allows a potential advantage in stem cell long-time maintains.
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