A stereological survey of lysosomal structure alterations in Littorina littorea exposed to 1-naphthol

doi:10.1016/0742-8413(89)90226-0

Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Comparative Pharmacology

Volume 93, Issue 2, 1989, Pages 231-237

https://doi.org/10.1016/0742-8413(89)90226-0 Get rights and content

Abstract

1. The effects of different concentrations of 1-naphthol on the lysosomal system structure have been studied by means of stereology in the digestive cells of Littorina littorea.

2. Lysosomal surface to volume ratio showed a dose-dependent significant decrease over the controls, and lysosomal volume density was significantly increased. Since no significant reduction in lysosomal numbers was observed, results indicate that enlargement of lysosomes and probably enhanced autophagy occurred in naphthol-treated winkles.

3. The same kind of response was observed in winkles treated with both sublethal and lethal concentrations of 1-naphthol and the degree of response of the lysosomal system seems to be directly related to the amount of toxicant uptaken by the winkles.

References (35)

T.K. Collier et al.
Influence of environmental temperature on disposition of dietary naphthalene in coho salmon (Oncorhyncus kisutch): isolation and identification of individual metabolites
Comp. Biochem. Physiol.
(1978)
H. Glaumann et al.
Mechanisms of intralysosomal degradation with special reference to autophagocytosis and heterophagocytosis of cell organelles
Int. Rev. Cytol.
(1981)
E.H. Gruger et al.
Metabolism of 2,6-dimethylnaphthalene in starry flounder (Platichthys stellatus) exposed to naphthalene and p-cresol
Aquat. Toxic.
(1981)
D.M. Lowe et al.
Effects of oil on digestive cells in mussels: quantitative alterations in cellular and lysosomal structure
Aquat. Toxic.
(1981)
D.M. Lowe et al.
Hydrocarbon exposure in mussels: a quantitative study of the responses in the reproductive and nutrient storage cell systems
Aquat. Toxic.
(1986)
D.M. Lowe et al.
Mortality and quantitative aspects of storage cell utilization in mussels, Mytilus edulis, following exposure to diesel oil hydrocarbons
Mar. envir. Res.
(1987)
M.N. Moore
Cellular responses to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and phenobarbital in Mytilus edulis
Mar. envir. Res.
(1979)
M.N. Moore
Cellular responses to pollutants
Mar. Pollut. Bull.
(1985)
M.N. Moore et al.
Lysosomal and microsomal responses to environmental factors in Littorina littorea from Sullom Voe
Mar. Pollut. Bull.
(1982)
M.N. Moore et al.
Responses of the marine mussel Mytilus edulis to copper and phenanthrene: interactive effects
Mar. envir. Res.
(1984)

R.K. Pipe et al.

An ultrastructural study on the effects of phenanthrene on lysosomal membranes and distribution of the lysosomal enzyme β-glucuronidase in digestive cells of the periwinkle Littorina littorea

Aquat. Toxic.

(1986)

A.G. Robinson et al.

The effects of naphthalene on the ultrastructure of the hepatopancreas of the fiddler crab, Uca minax

J. Invertebr. Pathol.

(1985)

L.J. Saethre et al.

Toxicity and chemical reactivity of naphthalene and methylnaphthalenes

Aquat. Toxic.

(1984)

A.C. Allison

Lysosomes and cancer

M.P. Cajaraville

Estudio de la intoxicación del prosobránquio marino Littorina littorea por el hidrocarburo aromático 1-naftol: mortalidad, toma, y efectos sobre el metabolismo de reservas y el sistema lisosómico. Licenciature thesis

(1987)

M.P. Cajaraville et al.

Acute toxicity of two hydroxylated hydrocarbons to the prosobranch gastropod Littorina littorea (L.)

E.D.S. Corner et al.

Qualitative studies on the metabolism of naphthalene in Maia squinado (Herbst)

J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K.

(1973)

Cited by (53)

Differences in chemical contaminants bioaccumulation and ecotoxicology biomarkers in Mytilus edulis and Mytilus galloprovincialis and their hybrids
2022, Environmental Pollution
The Mytilus mussels are spread all over the world and many related species coexist in several areas and can produce hybrid offspring. Mussels have been used for decades in national and international programs to monitor chemical contamination in the environment. Differences in bioaccumulation and biotransformation abilities between species and their hybrids should be evaluated to assess the comparability of the results obtained within the international biomonitoring programs. The objective of this study was to characterize bioaccumulation abilities and biomarker responses in Mytilus edulis, Mytilus galloprovincialis and their hybrids via an in situ transplantation experimentation on their progenies. Four mussel groups (M. edulis, M. galloprovincialis and two hybrids batches) issued from genetically characterized parents were transplanted for one year in Charente Maritime (France) to ensure their exposure to identical sources of contamination. The bioaccumulation of several families of contaminants (trace metals, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, polychlorinated biphenyls), the response of several biomarkers (DNA strand breaks level, lysosomal membrane stability, metallothionein content, acetylcholine esterase activity) and some physiological parameters (growth, mortality, gonadal development), were analyzed. Differences were observed between species, however they were contaminant-specific. Variations in contaminants levels were observed between progenies, with higher levels of Cu, PBDE, PCB in M. edulis, and higher levels of Cd, Hg, Zn in M galloprovincialis. This study demonstrated that variations in contaminant bioaccumulation and different biomarker responses exist between Mytilus species in the field. Data on species or the presence of hybrid individuals (or introgression) is an important additional parameter to add to biomonitoring programs databases.
Biological responses and toxicopathic effects elicited in Solea senegalensis juveniles by waterborne exposure to benzo[a]pyrene
2021, Marine Environmental Research
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are priority contaminants in coastal and estuarine ecosystems under anthropogenic pressure. Although PAHs tend to accumulate in the sediment, toxicity for benthic flat fish such as soles may be caused by PAHs released from the sediment to the water column. Within this context, the present investigation aims at recognizing toxicopathic effects elicited after waterborne exposure to benzo[a]pyrene B[a]P, a model individual PAH compound, in juvenile Solea senegalensis. Sole juveniles were exposed to various concentrations of waterborne B[a]P for 3 and 7 days. Brain, liver, gills and gonad were the target tissues selected to determine biochemical and lysosomal biomarkers, and histopathology. Biological responses and toxicopathic effects were consistent with B[a]P concentration and exposure time. From day 3, hepatic catalase inhibition indicated potential oxidative effects of B[a]P. At day 7, contaminant exposure produced hepatic glutathione-S-transferase induction at low concentrations and inhibition at higher levels, evidencing a bell-shaped response. A clear gradient in lysosomal membrane destabilisation was observed in relation with B[a]P concentrations. Histopathological lesions were more frequent at day 7 and at higher contaminant levels. It seems that environmentally relevant waterborne concentrations of B[a]P (1000 ng/l) would suffice to cause toxicopathic effects on sole juveniles in relatively short exposure times. In agreement, the Integrative Biological Response index (IBR/n) indicated a dose-dependent decline in health condition upon exposure to B[a]P (IBR/n_HighB[a]P > IBR/n_MidB[a]P > IBR/n_LowB[a]P > IBR/n_DMSO > IBR/n_Control). Overall, changes in antioxidant enzymes activity, lysosomal biomarkers and gill and liver histopathology are responsive early-warning signs of health disturbance in sole juveniles exposed to waterborne PAHs.
Biological responses and toxicopathic effects elicited in Solea senegalensis juveniles on exposure to contaminated sediments under laboratory conditions
2020, Science of the Total Environment
Whole-sediment toxicity assays contribute to elucidating the intricate association between the presence of contaminants in sediments and their toxicopathic effects in benthic fish. In the present study, Solea senegalensis juveniles were exposed under laboratory conditions to contaminated whole-sediments for 7 and 28 days. Sediments were obtained from a low to moderately polluted estuary, a highly polluted harbour and from the mixture of both field-collected sediments. Biometry data were recorded. Liver, brain, gills, and gonads were dissected out and processed to determine markers of oxidative stress, neurotoxicity and lysosomal biomarkers, and histopathology. Analyses of sediment granulometry and chemical profiles indicated different degrees of toxicity and suggested a distinct release of pollutants from each sediment in relation with their physicochemical properties. Interestingly, biological responses were in agreement with contaminant levels reported in source sediments. The most distinct toxicopathic effects were detected upon exposure to the harbour's sediment and particularly on day 28. Overall, enhanced hepatic glutathione-S-transferase activity and lysosomal enlargement were detected in all experimental groups, demonstrating a toxic effect from all sediments whilst catalase inhibition, lysosomal membrane destabilisation, changes in lysosomal content and liver histopathology were most pronounced in soles exposed to the harbour's sediment. The Integrative Biomarker Response index (IBR/n) evidenced that exposure to the three sediments caused an impact of diverse magnitude in sole health (IBR/n_Harbour > IBR/n_Mixture > IBR/n_Estuary). The magnitude of biological responses essentially depended on the presence of contaminants in source sediments, which seemed to be altered by the conditions imposed by whole-sediment toxicity assays.
Effects of dietary Pb and Cd and their combination on lysosomal and tissue-level biomarkers and histopathology in digestive gland of the land snail, Cantareus apertus (Born, 1778)
2018, Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety
Citation Excerpt :
As a general rule, metal exposure provokes a greater catalytic activity in the digestive cells of molluscs, which might account for changes in lysosomes form and function (Marigomez et al., 1986; Moore and Viarengo, 1990). Thus, lysosomal enlargement in digestive cells is widely recognised as a general indication of environmental stress induced by pollutant (Viarengo et al., 1984; Cajaraville et al., 1989; Guerlet et al., 2006; Marigómez et al., 2005). Lysosomal enlargement (high VvLYS and low S/VLYS) and reduction in numbers (low NvLYS) were reported, associated to intralysosomal accumulation of metals (high VvBSD), in slugs from an abandoned mine in comparison with those form the reference site (Zaldibar et al., 2008).
The present study was aimed at determining cell and tissue-level biomarkers and histopathological alterations in the green garden snail, Cantareus apertus (Born, 1778), exposed to different nominal dietary concentrations of Pb (25, 100 and 2500 mg Pb/kg), Cd (5, 10 and 100 mg Cd/kg) and their combination (25 mg Pb + 5 mg Cd/Kg, 100 mg Pb + 10 mg Cd/kg and 2500 mg Pb + 100 mg Cd/ kg) for 1 and 8 weeks. Lead and Cd exerted histopathological effects on the digestive gland in a dose-dependent manner and related to lysosomal and tissue-level biomarkers. The biological responses observed included digestive cell vacuolisation and numerical atrophy, calcium cell hydropic degeneration, excretory cell hypertrophy, inflammatory responses, blood vessel congestion, and disruption of the blood vessel wall and the interstitial connective tissue. Lysosomal enlargement and transient intracellular accumulation of neutral lipids and lipofuscins were also observed, together with alterations in the cell type composition and thinning of the digestive gland epithelium and with diverticular distortion. This response profile fits well with the biological effects reported after metal exposure in gastropods from other regions, as well as with data obtained in parallel studies dealing with metal bioaccumulation and intralysosomal accumulation, mortality, feeding, growth, oxidative stress and neurotoxicity exerted elicited by Pb, Cd and their mixture in green garden snails under the present experimental conditions. Consequently, C. apertus seems to be a suitable model species for the biomarker-based assessment of the biological effects of Pb and Cd, alone or in combinations, thus providing a challenging opportunity to advance in identifying suitable sentinel species for metal pollution biomonitoring and ecosystem health assessment in soil ecosystems in Northern Africa.
Differences in copper bioaccumulation and biological responses in three Mytilus species
2015, Aquatic Toxicology
Citation Excerpt :
The mean LP value was then derived for each section, corresponding to an individual digestive gland. The histochemical reaction for β-Gus was demonstrated as in Moore (1976) with the modifications described by Cajaraville et al. (1989). Frozen tissue sections (8 μm) from 10 mussels were put at 4 °C for 30 min and then brought to room temperature before staining.
Mytilus species are important organisms in marine systems being highly abundant and widely distributed along the coast of Europe and worldwide. They are typically used in biological effects studies and have a suite of biological effects endpoints that are frequently measured and evaluated for stress effects in laboratory experiments and field monitoring programmes. Differences in bioaccumulation and biological responses of the three Mytilus species following exposure to copper (Cu) were investigated. A laboratory controlled exposure study was performed with three genetically confirmed Mytilus species; M. galloprovincialis, M. edulis and M. trossulus. Chemical bioaccumulation and biomarkers were assessed in all three Mytilus species following a 4 day and a 21 day exposure to waterborne copper concentrations (0, 10, 100 and 500 μg/L). Differences in copper bioaccumulation were measured after both 4 and 21 days, which suggests some physiological differences between the species. Furthermore, differences in response for some of the biological effects endpoints were also found to occur following exposure. These differences were discussed in relation to either real physiological differences between the species or merely confounding factors relating to the species natural habitat and seasonal cycles. Overall the study demonstrated that differences in chemical bioaccumulation and biomarker responses between the Mytilus spp. occur with potential consequences for mussel exposure studies and biological effects monitoring programmes. Consequently, the study highlights the importance of identifying the correct species when using Mytilus in biological effects studies.
Combined effects of thermal stress and Cd on lysosomal biomarkers and transcription of genes encoding lysosomal enzymes and HSP70 in mussels, Mytilus galloprovincialis
2014, Aquatic Toxicology
Citation Excerpt :
Tissue sections (8 μm) were obtained in a Leica CM3050S cryotome with a chamber temperature of −24 °C and stored at −40 °C until required for staining. The histochemical reaction for β-glucuronidase was demonstrated as in Moore (1976) with the modifications described by Cajaraville et al. (1989). Slides were placed at 4 °C for 30 min and then at room temperature for 5 min prior to staining.
In estuaries and coastal areas, intertidal organisms may be subject to thermal stress resulting from global warming, together with pollution. In the present study, the combined effects of thermal stress and exposure to Cd were investigated in the endo-lysosomal system of digestive cells in mussels, Mytilus galloprovincialis. Mussels were maintained for 24 h at 18 °C and 26 °C seawater temperature in absence and presence of 50 μg Cd/L seawater. Cadmium accumulation in digestive gland tissue, lysosomal structural changes and membrane stability were determined. Semi-quantitative PCR was applied to reveal the changes elicited by the different experimental conditions in hexosaminidase (hex), β-glucuronidase (gusb), cathepsin L (ctsl) and heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) gene transcription levels. Thermal stress provoked lysosomal enlargement whilst Cd-exposure led to fusion of lysosomes. Both thermal stress and Cd-exposure caused lysosomal membrane destabilisation. hex, gusb and ctsl genes but not hsp70 gene were transcriptionally up-regulated as a result of thermal stress. In contrast, all the studied genes were transcriptionally down-regulated in response to Cd-exposure. Cd bioaccumulation was comparable at 18 °C and 26 °C seawater temperatures but interactions between thermal stress and Cd-exposure were remarkable both in lysosomal biomarkers and in gene transcription. hex, gusb and ctsl genes, reacted to elevated temperature in absence of Cd but not in Cd-exposed mussels. Therefore, thermal stress resulting from global warming might influence the use and interpretation of lysosomal biomarkers in marine pollution monitoring programmes and, vice versa, the presence of pollutants may condition the capacity of mussels to respond against thermal stress in a climate change scenario.

View all citing articles on Scopus

View full text

A stereological survey of lysosomal structure alterations in Littorina littorea exposed to 1-naphthol

Abstract

Comp. Biochem. Physiol.

Int. Rev. Cytol.

Aquat. Toxic.

Aquat. Toxic.

Aquat. Toxic.

Mar. envir. Res.

Mar. envir. Res.

Mar. Pollut. Bull.

Mar. Pollut. Bull.

Mar. envir. Res.

Aquat. Toxic.

J. Invertebr. Pathol.

Aquat. Toxic.

Lysosomes and cancer

Estudio de la intoxicación del prosobránquio marino Littorina littorea por el hidrocarburo aromático 1-naftol: mortalidad, toma, y efectos sobre el metabolismo de reservas y el sistema lisosómico. Licenciature thesis

Acute toxicity of two hydroxylated hydrocarbons to the prosobranch gastropod Littorina littorea (L.)

Qualitative studies on the metabolism of naphthalene in Maia squinado (Herbst)

J. mar. biol. Ass. U.K.