The influence of natural surfactants on interfacial charges in the hot-water process for recovering bitumen from the athabasca oil sands
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2016, Aquatic ToxicologyCitation Excerpt :However, there is evidence that this co-exposure scenario might cause greater effects than exposure to PAHs alone. Dissolved organic chemicals in OSPW have properties similar to those of surfactants (Clemente and Fedorak, 2005; Frank et al., 2008; Schramm and Smith, 1985), and bioaccumulation of PAHs is greater when fish are co-exposed to PAHs and a surfactant (Tan et al., 2010). Greater bioaccumulation of PAHs has been attributed to inhibition of members of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily of transporter proteins.
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2014, Minerals EngineeringCitation Excerpt :A middlings stream drawn from the central part of the PSC, and tailings drawn from near the bottom of the PSC are sent to conventional mechanical flotation cells to recover the remaining bitumen. The process has been shown to produce high recoveries for bitumen-rich estuarine ores, although poorer performance on leaner marine ores (Schramm and Smith, 1985a). A key characteristic of the Canadian oil sands is the thin water film surrounding the sand grains, which renders them easy to release from the bitumen using water-based methods such as the Clark hot-water process.
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2014, International Journal of Mineral ProcessingCitation Excerpt :Schramm and Smith (1985) explained that at high pH the concentration of surfactants in solution increases. These surfactants adsorb at the air–water and bitumen–water interfaces and lower the corresponding interfacial tensions thus facilitating the formation of an air-in-bitumen dispersion of rather low density (Schramm and Smith, 1985). It appears that such a mechanism, essentially equivalent to engulfment of air bubbles by bitumen, contributes to the high level of bitumen flotation from ore 2 at high pH.