Trends in Neurosciences
Volume 18, Issue 9, September 1995, Pages 373-379
Journal home page for Trends in Neurosciences

The emergence and evolution of mammalian neocortex

https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-2236(95)93932-NGet rights and content

Abstract

Cortical variation in mammals and other terrestrial vertebrates, re-examined by current comparative methodology (out-group analysis), indicates that separate lateral (olfactory), dorsal and medial (hippocampal) pallial or cortical formations arose with the origin of vertebrates. Although the exact origin of mammalian isocortex (so-called neocortex) is still disputed, it appears that the earliest mammals already had a six-layered isocortex with ten to 20 functional subdivisions. Among placental mammals, at least, isocortex has expanded numerous times, producing additional cortical subdivisions. Because these expansions were independent transformations of a simpler cortex, they produced subdivisions that are not homologous.

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