Controlled exercise elevates plasma but not urinary MHPG and VMA
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Comparison of treatment options for depression in heart failure: A network meta-analysis
2019, Journal of Psychiatric ResearchCitation Excerpt :Similar results demonstrating beneficial effect of ET in the treatment of depression in ischemic heart disease has been reported (Blumenthal et al., 2012b). Several plausible mechanisms have been proposed as being responsible for the therapeutic benefits of exercise on depressive symptoms (Tang et al., 1981; Post et al., 1973; Ebert et al., 1972; Morgan, 1985; deVries, 1981). The physiology and molecular mechanism of the beneficial role of ET in HF patients has been linked to its neuro-humoral effects (Piepoli, 2013; Malliani and Montano, 1979; Ponikowski et al., 1997; Jankowska et al., 2006), which suggests that ET can simultaneously affect both depressive and cardiovascular outcomes in HF patients.
Physiological, physical and behavioural changes in dogs (Canis familiaris) when kennelled: Testing the validity of stress parameters
2014, Physiology and BehaviorCitation Excerpt :Interestingly, a previous study suggested that urinary norepinephrine:creatinine (NE/Cr) and epinephrine:creatinine ratios (E/Cr) do not offer valid physiological measures of acute canine stress [11]. As a metabolite of epinephrine and norepinephrine, VMA is found in much higher levels in urine than the hormones themselves [71,72] and, unlike urinary levels of epinephrine and norepinephrine [73], urinary VMA levels do not appear to be affected by exercise [74]. Thus, VMA/Cr may provide a more reliable indicator of acute psychological arousal, and a more sensitive urinary measurement of SAM system response, in dogs than epinephrine:creatinine (E/Cr) or norepinephrine:creatinine ratios (NE/Cr).
A test of the catecholamines hypothesis for an acute exercise-cognition interaction
2008, Pharmacology Biochemistry and BehaviorPlasma vanillylmandelic acid level as an index of psychological stress response in normal subjects
1996, Psychiatry ResearchDetermination of vanillylmandelic acid in plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection
1988, Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and ApplicationsUrinary MHPG and ward behavior in unmedicated psychiatric patients
1983, Psychiatry Research