Respiratory infections of sheep

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Abstract

Sheep respiratory infections appear as differing clinical syndromes. Mild, acute infections are usually due to parainfluenza 3 (PI3) virus. A mild but chronic respiratory problem in lambs under 1 year old is thought to be caused by Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae probably in association with Pasteurella and PI3. Acute bacterial pneumonia usually results from infection with Pasteurella of biotype A. Infection with PI3 can initiate invasion by Pasteurella. Bordetella parapertussis infection has also been implicated. Serotypes of biotype T P. haemolytica cause an acute septicaemia. Stressful management practices may be a predisposing factor. Chronic proliferative pneumonia results from infection by retroviruses of pulmonary adenomatosis or maedi-visna. Both infections have incubation periods extending into years. The former produces fatal tumorous masses in the lungs. Diagnostic tests are being actively sought. Maedi-visna can present as several clinical problems, frequently as an insidious but fatal proliferative pneumonia.

Résumé

Les infections respiratoires du mouton apparaissent avec des syndromes cliniques differents. Les infections respiratoires modérées ou aigues sont normalement dues au virus parainfluenza (PI3) et souvent aussi au type de gardiénnage des animaux. Le problème réspiratoire chronique modéré de l'agneau de moins d'un an est sans doute du au Mycoplasme ovipneumoniae avec probablement une complication engendrée par la Pasteurelle et PI3. Les pneumonies bacteriennes aigues graves sont dues à une infection avec P. haemolytica de biotype A. Une infection au PI3 peut engendrer une proliferation de Pasteurelles. L'infection due à la Bordetella parapertussis est aussi un facteur de prédisposition. La P. haemolytica de biotype T cause une septicémie aigue qui peut être mortelle. Des conditions de gardiénnage stressantes peuvent également être un facteur de prédisposition. Des pneumonies chroniques prolifératives peuvent résulter d'infections à rétro-virus d'adénome pulmonaire ou de maedi-visna. Ces deux infections ont des périodes d'incubation pouvant durer plusiers années, ceci pouvant produire des tumeurs mortelles dans les poumons. Des tests pour le diagnostic sont activement recherchés. Maedi-visna peut présenté autant de problèmes cliniques graves, étant souvent une maladie insidieuse, mais une pneumonie proliferative fatale.

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