A physical model for predicting bidirectional reflectances over bare soil

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Abstract

Radiative processes at the Earth's surface are affected by the soil optical properties. A good understanding of radiative transfer over a bare soil surface is therefore a prerequisite to addressing more complex cases of discontinuous vegetation canopies. While most attempts at retrieving surface characteristics are made by fitting empirical functions to the data, we have applied an optimization technique to a physically based surface reflectance model initially developed to study planetary surfaces. This inversion procedure allows the direct estimation of the following five parameters: the single scattering coefficient, two parameters describing the hot spot phenomenon, and two parameters describing the scattering phase function. The approach is validated by testing the inversion procedure against both synthetic data and actual observations. The model is able to predict the observed bidirectional reflectances, as well as the directional-hemispherical reflectances, and to build the complete field of radiances over the upward hemisphere. The anisotropic behavior of bare soils is investigated and the prospect for inferring other basic soil properties, such as the soil porosity, is discussed.

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    This research would not have been possible without the financial support of the European Space Agency (ESA), the Centre National pour la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) for Bernard Pinty. Financial support for Michel Verstraete and Robert Dickinson was provided by NASA under Grant NASA-S-56469. The National Center for Atmospheric Research is operated by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research under the sponsorship of the National Science Foundation.

    The National Center for Atmospheric Research is operated by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research under the sponsorship of the National Science Foundation.

    Permanent affiliation: LAMP/OPGC, Université Blaise Pascal, 63177 Aubière, France.

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