Research paperSpeeds and gaits of dinosaurs
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Cited by (88)
Sauropod manus and pes prints with impressions of integument from the Ravenscar Group (Middle Jurassic) of Whitby, Yorkshire, England
2024, Proceedings of the Geologists' AssociationFirst discovery of a deinonychosaur trackway from the lower Upper Cretaceous of southeastern China
2021, Cretaceous ResearchCitation Excerpt :Based on these values, h, V and the SL/h ratio are calculated for YWM 08381 to assess the trackmaker's gait. According to Thulborn (1982), each of the walking, trotting, and running gaits exhibit SL/h values lower than 2.0, between 2.0 and 2.9, and greater than 2.9, respectively. As a result, V and SL/h of YWM 08381 equal 6.1 km/h and 1.93 as a dromaeosaurid trackway, but 4.6 km/h and 1.52 as a troodontid trackway (Table 4).
A juvenile ornithopod tracksite from the Lower Cretaceous Haman Formation, South Korea
2021, Cretaceous ResearchCitation Excerpt :Therefore, it is reasonable to assume that the Gunbuk tracks were imprinted by bipedal animals. Several formulas are being used for the estimation of size, locomotion speed, gait, and body length or mass of trackmakers from the measurements of the trackways and tracks (Alexander, 1976; Thulborn, 1982, 1989). In the estimation of the trackmaker's hip height, estimates for small ornithopods were used (hip height: h = 4.8L; Thulborn, 1989).
Detection of Lower Cretaceous fossil impressions of a marine tetrapod on Monte Conero (Central Italy)
2019, Cretaceous ResearchCitation Excerpt :the small size of the imprints (mean length and width 12.73 cm and 21.36 cm respectively) indicates a medium-small animal, with an approximate height at the hip of about 60 cm [four times the length of the foot, according to Alexander (1976). According to Thulborn (1982), however, the length of the limb is equal to four and a half times the length of the foot]. The considerations do not take into account that the impressions were probably produced by a reptile with paddles similar to those described in Zhang (2014), but the width of the trackway and the distance between the imprints support the conclusions above;
Application of vertebrate trace fossils to palaeoenvironmental analysis
2015, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, PalaeoecologyCitation Excerpt :These estimates have been re-evaluated using computer models (Henderson, 2003). When the presumed producer of the swim traces is known, h can be estimated from the sum of the lengths of femur, tibia and longest metatarsal, plus an increment of 9% to account for ankle bones and for soft tissues (Thulborn, 1982). Estimates of water depth of lacustrine deposits were accomplished using pterosaur swim traces on wave rippled bedding planes of the Cretaceous Dakota Group (Lockley et al., 2014), assuming that pterosaurs were floating in shallow water while touching the subaqueous substrates (Lockley and Wright, 2003).