Elsevier

Metallography

Volume 1, Issue 1, September 1968, Pages 25-34
Metallography

Measurement of particle density and volume fraction from extraction replicas

https://doi.org/10.1016/0026-0800(68)90015-3Get rights and content

Abstract

A double replica technique for measurement of both particle size and number of particles per unit area is described. The technique is applied to a tempered plain carbon steel subjected to high-temperature fatigue, and the results are used to assess the experimental accuracy. Complex changes in particle size and in volume fraction are shown to occur during fatigue.

References (7)

  • U.F. Kocks

    Acta Met.

    (1966)
  • J.H. Woodhead

    Metallography

    (1968)
  • M.F. Ashby et al.

    Trans. RIME

    (1966)
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  • Microstructural evolution during bainite transformation in a vanadium microalloyed TRIP-assisted steel

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    Nevertheless, TEM observations showed that the size distribution and average number density of V(C,N) precipitates with a size of over ~5 nm did not significantly change within longer holding times (Fig. 7). Apart from the uncertainty of extraction replica technique in determining the true spatial distribution of precipitates, it was assumed from the average number density and size of precipitates that the volume fraction of precipitates remained constant [32,33]. It is thus clear that the V(C,N) precipitates did not significantly contribute to the observed yield strength increases due to longer holding times.

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