Volcanic development of small oceanic central volcanoes on the flanks of the East Pacific Rise inferred from narrow-beam echo-sounder surveys

doi:10.1016/0025-3227(83)90008-7

Marine Geology

Volume 54, Issues 1–2, December 1983, Pages 53-90

https://doi.org/10.1016/0025-3227(83)90008-7 Get rights and content

Abstract

Narrow-beam bathymetric surveys of about 30 volcanoes on young crust of the Cocos plate were collected in order to help determine the origin and evolution of oceanic central volcanoes. The volcanoes are located on ocean crust 1.5–7.5 m.y. in age and range in size from $<1$ to $∼600 km^{3}$ . These volcanoes differ greatly in shape, development of linear features, small scale morphologic characteristics and crater development. We conclude that these large differences in morphologic characteristics are due to the complex interaction of many factors in their development such as: conduit geometry, magma ascent rates, eruption rate history, tectonic activity, crater formation and filling and others. Elongation directions of individual volcanoes and clear linear bathymetric features near these volcanoes are among the lines of evidence that strongly suggest these volcanoes originate and evolve on and near oceanic fracture zones. Their origin and morphologic evolution is thus closely tied to the tectonic processes and thermal regimes at fractures. We speculate that these volcanoes on fast-spreading lithosphere are generated by episodic pulses of melt production beneath ridge crests in the vicinity of fracture zones. Petrologic evidence shows that these volcanoes cannot be fed from sub-axial magma chambers beneath the East Pacific Rise. Instead, they tap the same mantle source as the ridge crest at mantle depth.

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Research paperVolcanic development of small oceanic central volcanoes on the flanks of the East Pacific Rise inferred from narrow-beam echo-sounder surveys

Abstract

Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.

Mar. Geol.

Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.

Utah, I. Tectonophysics

J. Volcanol. Geotherm. Res.

Mar. Geol.

Mar. Geol.

Mar. Geol.

Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.

Isotopic and chemical effects produced in a continuously differentiating convecting Earth mantle

Philos. Trans. R. Soc. London

Geology, petrology, and petrology of Pinzon Island, Galapagos Archipelago

Contrib. Mineral. Petrol.

Petrology and chemistry of Guadalupe Island: An alkalic seamount on a fossil ridge crest

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Geology, petrology and geochemistry of Isla Tortuga, a recent tholeiitic island in the gulf of California

Geol. Soc. Am. Bull.

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Geology

Lithospheric age dependence on the rate of off-ridge volcano production in the North Pacific

Geophys. Res. Lett.

Major element chemistry of basalt glasses dredged from young isolated volcanoes and the East Pacific Rise, 10°–14°N

The origin of deep-sea basaltic hyacloclastites

Trace element abundances in basalts of the Nauru Basin (DSDP Leg 61): Late Cretaceous off-ridge volcanism in the western Pacific

Nature

Petrology of young volcanoes near the East Pacific Rise at 20° 48'N studied by submersible

Trans. Am. Geophys. Union

Limits on lithosphere stress imposed by laboratory experiments

J. Geophys. Res.

Morphologic characteristics of North Atlantic and North Pacific seamounts as factors for designing effective survey detection strategies

Navoceano Tech. Rep. TR-266

Bathymetry of the North Pacific

Scripps Inst. Oceanogr., Univ. of California IMR Tech. Rep.

Evolution of abyssal lavas along propagating segments of the Galapagos spreading center

Earth Planet. Sci. Lett.

The lead, neodymium and strontium isotope structure of ocean ridge basalts

J. Petrol.

Submersible structural study of Tamayo transform fault: East Pacific Rise, 23°N (Project RITA)

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How volcanoes grow

Science

Orientation and growth of Hawaiian volcanic rifts: The effect of regional structure and gravitational stresses

Submarine slope micromorphology and volcanic substructure of the island of Hawaii inferred from visual observations made from U.S. Navy Deep Submergence Vehicle (DSV) Sea Cliff

Mar. Geol.

The early structural evolution and anisotropy of the oceanic upper mantle

Geophys. J.R. Astron. Soc.

A tectonic model for ridge—transform—ridge boundaries: Implications for the structure of oceanic lithosphere

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Chemical variations in upper mantle nodules from southern African kimberlites

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Paleomagnetism of Cretaceous Pacific seamounts

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The 1974 “ALVIN” dives on Corner Rise and the New England seamounts

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Drowned ancient islands of the Pacific Basin

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Research paper
Volcanic development of small oceanic central volcanoes on the flanks of the East Pacific Rise inferred from narrow-beam echo-sounder surveys