Enthalpies of sublimation and dimerization in the vapour phase of formic, acetic, propanoic, and butanoic acids

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Abstract

Combined torsion- and weighing-effusion techniques are used to measure saturation vapour pressures as function of temperature for four solid carboxylic acids: formic, acetic, propanoic, and butanoic acid. By means of a theoretical analysis, which is given first, it is shown that the enthalpy of sublimation and the monomer/dimer ratio of the vapour phase are related to measured vapour pressures for both techniques but in a somewhat different manner. As a result, the combination of the two sets permits the determination of not only the enthalpy of sublimation but also of the monomer/dimer ratio of the vapour phase in equilibrium with the solid phase. It is found that the first three acids are highly dimerized and butanoic acid to a less extent.

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