Cytolytic activities of activated macrophages versus paraformaldehyde-fixed macrophages; soluble versus membrane-associated TNF☆
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Molecular mechanisms of action of anti-TNF-α agents – Comparison among therapeutic TNF-α antagonists
2018, CytokineCitation Excerpt :These knowledges would help us to treat refractory patients with inflammatory diseases better and to develop more efficient therapeutic agents in the future. TNF-α is generated as a precursor form called tmTNF, which is expressed as a type II polypeptide consisted of 233 amino acid residues (26-kDa) on cell surface of activated macrophages and lymphocytes as well as other cell types [39–45]. After cleavage by such metalloproteinases as TNF-α-converting enzyme (TACE) between residues alanine76-valine77, sTNF of 157 amino acid residues (17-kDa) is released from the cell surface and mediates its biological activities through type 1 and type 2 TNF receptors (TNF-R1 also known as TNFRSF1A, CD120a, and TNF-R2 also known as TNFRSF1B, CD120b, respectively) [46–48].
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This research was supported in part by CA-18672, National Cancer Institute Cancer Center (CORE) Grant P30 CA-21765 and American Lebanese Syrian Associated Charities (ALSAC).