Synapse alterations in the hippocampal-entorhinal formation in Alzheimer's disease with and without Lewy body disease
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2018, Cell ReportsCitation Excerpt :Post-mortem brain sections and structural MRI in AD patients show cerebral atrophy in regions involved in memory processing, such as the cortex and the hippocampus (Ossenkoppele et al., 2015; Seab et al., 1988). These findings suggest that the subpopulations of neurons primarily affected by AD, including the entorhinal cortex and the hippocampal CA1 projection neurons, may be more vulnerable to cellular stress responses elicited by misfolded amyloid (Gómez-Isla et al., 1996; Saxena and Caroni, 2011; Wakabayashi et al., 1994). Although central to human pathology, mechanisms of neuronal loss have been understudied in vivo, because AD mouse models do not recapitulate this aspect, showing little neuronal death (Ashe and Zahs, 2010; Karran et al., 2011).
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2016, Neurobiology of AgingCitation Excerpt :Interestingly, the effects of cold on tau pathology were amplified in the 3×Tg-AD mouse model of AD. In addition to phosphorylation of tau, losses of synaptic proteins are found in the brain of AD patients and are correlated with the severity of the symptoms (Boncristiano et al., 2005; DeKosky and Scheff, 1990; Julien et al., 2008; Sze et al., 1997; Terry et al., 1991; Wakabayashi et al., 1994). We thus investigated if cold exposure altered presynaptic and postsynaptic proteins.
Meta-analysis of synaptic pathology in Alzheimer's disease reveals selective molecular vesicular machinery vulnerability
2016, Alzheimer's and DementiaCitation Excerpt :Combining results together in one comparison shows on which markers and brain areas research has focused and which markers and brain areas are underrepresented in the overview (Table 2). Using the SMD allowed us to pool 67 different synaptic markers into a single overall database for comparison [19–21,52,55,63–65,67,72,77,78,80,85,86,88–123]. Irrespective of the brain area, these synaptic markers can be divided into 28 presynaptic markers in 10 functional categories, 30 postsynaptic markers in eight functional categories, and nine markers in six functional categories without specific presynaptic or postsynaptic localization (Table 2).
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