Effect of allopurinol on the accumulation of xanthine dehydrogenase in liver and pancreas of chicks after hatching

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Abstract

Allopurinol when fed to chicks during early posthatching development causes a doubling in the level of liver XDH which is due largely to an increase in the rate of enzyme synthesis with no change in the rate of enzyme degradation. Uric acid, a product of XDH activity, is markedly decreased in the liver of chicks fed with allopurinol; the substrates are markedly elevated in concentration, suggesting that end-product repression or substrate induction of enzyme synthesis is involved.

Allopurinol has no effect on the enzyme level of the pancreas, which gives additional support to the suggestion that different control mechanisms operate in the regulation of this enzyme in these two organs.

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    Allopurinol reduced BM gain of the birds, and after 3 wk of treatment, BM in AL, UAF, and UAI birds was only 67, 69, and 68% of that in controls, respectively. However, our results contrast with data from another study done by Lee and Fisher (1972), who fed chicks allopurinol (750 mg/kg of feed) from hatch to 28 d and noted no adverse effects of allopurinol on BM of the birds. Interestingly, there was a rebound in BM in the AR group compared with birds retained on allopurinol.

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    These results may be related to the role of uric acid as the end product of the metabolism of nitrogen-containing compounds in birds. Other studies have shown changes in enzyme activity in response to the administration of antibiotics (Hartsook et al., 1959), enzyme inhibitors (Lee and Fisher, 1972), or different levels of protein (Pons et al., 1986; Nagahara et al., 1987). These results indicate that the relative activity of the enzyme in different tissues can be affected by different factors, which may partly explain the discrepancies observed in the various studies that investigated the tissue distribution pattern of the enzyme.

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