BLOOD-PRESSURE RESPONSE TO SWIMMING IN ICE-COLD WATER
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2014, AppetiteCitation Excerpt :Others have argued that pain provides an important contrast for pleasure, and that the experience of pleasure is defined by the experience of pain (Verri, 1781; cited in Guidi (1994)). It is perhaps for this reason that people the world over enjoy the consumption of chili pepper (Rozin, 1990, 1999; Rozin & Schiller, 1980) or choose to engage in other painful activities such as intense exercise, ice-swimming, painful religious rituals, masochistic sexual practice, and even self-harm (Baumeister, 1988; Glucklich, 2001; Le Breton, 2000; Morris, 1991; Nock, 2010a, 2010b; O’Connor & Cook, 1999; Zenner, De Decker, & Clement, 1980). Providing some insights into the links between pain and pleasure, research suggests that pain may be experienced as rewarding in some contexts (Becerra, Breiter, Wise, Gonzalez, & Borsook, 2001; Gear, Aley, & Levine, 1999; Leknes & Tracey, 2008; Zubieta et al., 2001), that experiences of pain may regulate negative affective states (Chapman, Gratz, & Brown, 2006; Claes, Klonsky, Muehlenkamp, Kuppens, & Vandereycken, 2010; Franklin et al., 2010) and may even produce positive affective states (Boecker et al., 2008; Franklin, Lee, Hanna, & Prinstein, 2013; Klonsky, 2009; Leknes, Brooks, Wiech, & Tracey, 2008).
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