The development of the titration methods : Some historical annotations
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2019, TrAC - Trends in Analytical ChemistryCitation Excerpt :Litmus paper is one of the first established CCSs developed from natural sources and used till date for detecting pH of blood, chemical reaction, microbial contamination, etc. In 1811, Gay-Lussac reported litmus paper which changes color in presence of hydrogen ion in solution from red to blue whereas blue to red in presence of hydroxide ion [2]. CCS patented in 1949 for visual detection of color change in packaged products for assessment of deterioration with respect to time and temperature from bright yellow to bright red [3].
Fully automated photometric titration procedure employing a multicommuted flow analysis setup for acidity determination in fruit juice, vinegar, and wine
2017, Microchemical JournalCitation Excerpt :Titration is one of the oldest analytical methodologies, based on the sudden change of the physico-chemical properties of the titration medium. According to A. Johansson [1], an understandable titration description was introduced by C. J. Geoffroy in 1729. Initially, titrations were based on the generation of a visually perceptible phenomenon, such as effervescence, precipitation, or coloration [1].
Accurate automatic titration procedure for low sharpness and dichroism in end point detection using digital movies as detection technique
2017, Microchemical JournalCitation Excerpt :Consequently, for works using such indicators, analysts with visual accuracy are required. Potentiometric [4], conductometric [4], coulometric [4,7], amperometric/biamperometric [4,8], spectrometric [9], thermometric [10] and, more recently, digital image-based [11–13] measurements have been used as analytical responses in titrations and successfully solved the problem of the visual identification of the end point in titrations, improving accuracy and precision. However, the batch method of operation (i.e., manual addition of titrant and samples and measurements after every addition of titrant) has drastically decreased the throughput rate, making them tedious and less attractive for routine analysis.
Automatic potentiometric flow titration procedure for ascorbic acid determination in pharmaceutical formulations
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